Table 1.
Biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease.
| Author | Year | Biomarker | Diagnostic | Therapeutic Response | Monitoring and Forecasting | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pena, M.J. [5] | 2016 | Renal urinary proteome | 0 | 1 | 0 | Could identify who will have the best clinical outcome |
| Fontalvo, J.E.R. [8] | 2021 | Albuminuria | 1 | 1 [12] | 1 | Urinary measurement |
| Colhoun, H.M. [10] | 2018 | Creatinine | 1 | 0 | 1 | Plasma measurement |
| Haase-Fielitz, A. [13] | 2009 | Serum Cystatin C (CysC) | 1 | 0 | 1 * | Marker ↑ before creatinine variation |
| Kaul, A. and Behera, M.R. [14] | 2018 | NGAL | 1 | 0 | 1 * | Serum and urinary measurement |
| Barutta, F. [15] | 2021 | Plasma KIM-1 | 1 | 0 | 1 [16] | Serum measurement |
| Tye, S.C. [17] | 2021 | Glycosylated hemoglobin | 0 | 1 * | 0 | Serum measurement |
| Gupta, A. [18] | 2022 | NETs | 0 | 1 | 0 | Inhibition may be a therapeutic target |
| Panduru, N.M. [19] | 2013 | L-FABP | 0 | 0 | 1 | Urinary measurement |
| Kalantarinia, K. [20] | 2014 | TNF-a | 0 | 0 | 1 | Serum and urinary measurement |
| Pavkov, M.E. [21] | 2015 | TNFR 1 -2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Plasma measurement |
| Sanchez, M. [22] | 2018 | 8-OHdG | 0 | 0 | 1 | Plasma measurement |
Diagnosis—0 = no, 1 = yes; Therapeutic Response—0 = no, 1 = yes; Follow-up and Prognosis—0 = no, 1 = yes; NGAL—Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NETs—secretion of neutrophil extracellular traps; L-FABP—liver-type fatty acid-binding protein TNF-α—tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFR 1-2—serum tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2; 8-OHdG—8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; *—controversial results.