4-NP	4-Nitrophenol
ACL	Acetylcholine
ACLE	Acetylcholine esterase
AdSCV	Adsorptive-stripping cyclic voltammetry
AgNPs	Silver nanoparticles
AMIM TFSI-	1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
AMQDs	Antimonene quantum dots
ASA	Aspartic acid
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
AuE	Gold electrode
BHb	Bovine hemoglobin
BMIM HFP	1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
BMIM TFB	1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
BP HFP	N-Butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
BPA	Bisphenol A
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
CA	Chronoamperometry
Catl	Catalase
CB	Carbon black
CBSK	Cronobacter sakazakii
CC	Carbon cloth
CE	Counter electrode
CFU	Colony forming unit
CGO	Carboxyl graphene oxide
CHA	Catalytic hairpin assembly
ChEs	Cholesterol esterase
ChOx	Cholesterol oxidase
CILE	Carbon ionic liquid electrode
CL	Choline
CLO	Choline oxidase
C-MWCNT	Carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube
CNF	Carbon nanofiber
CNSp	Carbon nanosphere
CNTs	Carbon nanotubes
COFs	Covalent organic frameworks
CONPs	Cobalt oxide nanoparticles
CPE	Carbon paste electrode
CRE	Creasome
CRGO	Chemically reduced graphene oxide
CS	Chitosan
CSNPs	Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles
CuF	Copper ferrite
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
CVD	Chemical vapor deposition
cyc	Cysteamine
CYF	Chlorpyrifos
Cyt-c	Cytochrome c
DA	Dopamine
DAOx	Diamine oxidase
DPV	Differential pulse voltammetry
DET	Direct electron transfer
DHDP	Dihexadecylphosphate
DMT	Dimethoate
DPX	Dipterex
E. coli	Escherichia coli
EDC	1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
ERGO	Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide
FA	Folic acid
FAD	Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Fc	Ferrocene
FIA	Flow injection analysis
FLGR	Few-layered graphene
fM	Femtomolar
FR	Folate receptors
GA	Gallic acid
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
GDY	Graphdiyne
Gld	Glutaraldehyde
GNFs	Gold nanoflowers
GNPs	Gold nanoparticles
GNSp	Gold nanosphere
GO	Graphene oxide
GOD	Glucose oxidase
GOQDs	Graphene oxide quantum dots
GR	Graphene
GRE	Graphite electrode
GRNRs	Graphene nanoribbons
GRNSs	Graphene nanosheets
GRQDs	Graphene quantum dots
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
HAp	Hydroxyapatite
Hb	Hemoglobin
HCR	Hybridization chain reaction
HER	Human epidermal growth factor receptor
HQ	Hydroquinone
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
IL	Ionic liquid
ITO	Indium tin oxide
Lac	Laccase
LOD	Limit of detection
LOQ	Limit of quantification
LOx	Lactate oxidase
MAOx	Monoamine oxidase
Mb	Myoglobin
MC	Microcuboids
MCH	Mercaptohexanol
MDA	11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid
MIP	Molecularly imprinted polymer
miR	microRNA
mM	Millimolar
MNMs	Metal nanomaterials
MOFs	Metal organic frameworks
MPA	Mercaptopropionic acid
MPPy TFSI	3-Methyl-1-propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide
MPTMS	(3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxy silane
MTB	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
MWCNT	Multiwalled carbon nanotube
NA	Nucleic acid
Nf	Nafion
NHS	N-hydroxysuccinimide
nM	Nanomolar
NMs	Nanomaterials
NS	Nanosheets
OFWs	Organic frameworks
OME	Omethoate
PANI	Polyaniline
PB	Prussian blue
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PDA	Phenylenediamine
PEDOT	Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
PEI	Polyethyleneimine
PGE	Pencil graphite electrode
pM	Picomolar
PPI	Poly(propylene imine)
PSA	Prostate specific antigen
PtE	Platinum electrode
PVFc	Polyvinyl ferrocene
QDs	Quantum dots
RE	Reference electrode
RGO	Reduced graphene oxide
RhNPs	Rhodium nanoparticles
SCE	Saturated calomel electrode
SnDS	Tin disulfide
SPCE	Screen printed carbon electrode
SPE	Screen printed electrode
SPF	Soy protein film
SPGE	Screen printed gold electrode
SWCNTs	Single walled carbon nanotubes
TCA	Trichloroacetic acid
TCL	Thiocholine
TDS	Titanium disulfide
TMX	Ti3C2 MXenes
TPC	Terephthaloyl chloride
Tpn	Topotecan
TRGO	Thermally reduced graphene oxide
TYR	Tyrosinase
WE	Working electrode
ZnONPs	Zinc oxide nanoparticles