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. 2023 Apr 11;12(4):582. doi: 10.3390/biology12040582

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Metformin attenuated isoprenaline-induced cardiomyocyte injury by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Metformin was used to transfect cardiomyocytes and then stimulated with Iso (10 µM) for 48 h. (A–D) Western blot showing the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM for the indicated time in cardiomyocytes. (E–G) Representative immunofluorescence images of mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondria are shown in green, and nuclei are shown in blue. (H,I) Fluorescence images of MMP was detected by JC-1 tracker. J-aggregate staining is shown in red and J-monomer staining is shown in green. (J) Mitochondrial respiration was measured using extracellular oxygen consumption assay kits by assessing oxygen consumption rate. Statistical analyses (A–J) were performed by one-way ANOVAs followed by Dunnett’s test post-hoc tests. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. (n = 3). * p < 0.05.