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Immune checkpoints and corresponding inhibitors. At tumor sites, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction leads to T cells’ death or inhibition. Treg cells may express CTLA-4 at the lymph nodes, which provides negative feedback signals. APC: antigen-presenting cell; TCR: T cell receptor; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; PD-1: programmed death-1; PD-L1: programmed death ligand-1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4.
