Table 1.
Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of secondary school-going adolescents from two repeated RSHS in 2019 and 2022 in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.
| Variables | Overall n (%) |
Survey 1 n (%) |
Survey 2 n (%) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||
| 13–15 | 2733 (65.3) | 2692 (84.6) | 41 (4.1) | |
| 16–17 | 1455 (34.7) | 490 (15.4) | 965 (95.9) | |
| Median (IQR), Mean (SD) | 15 (14, 16) | 14 (1.0) | 17 (16, 17) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 1848 (44.1) | 1494 (47.0) | 354 (35.2) | |
| Female | 2340 (55.9) | 1688 (53.0) | 652 (64.8) | |
| Schooling district * | <0.001 | |||
| Moshi municipality | 933 (22.5) | 662 (20.8) | 271 (28.0) | |
| Moshi district council | 1658 (40.0) | 1324 (41.6) | 334 (34.5) | |
| Hai district council | 646 (15.6) | 523 (16.4) | 123 (12.7) | |
| Siha district council | 912 (22.0) | 673 (21.2) | 239 (24.7) | |
| Ever been worried * | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3638 (88.9) | 2795 (90.6) | 843 (84.0) | |
| Yes | 452 (11.1) | 291 (9.4) | 161 (16.0) | |
| Ever been lonely | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3860 (92.2) | 2966 (93.2) | 894 (88.9) | |
| Yes | 328 (7.8) | 216 (6.8) | 112 (11.1) | |
| Current substances use * † | <0.001 | |||
| No | 566 (50.2) | 250 (37.9) | 316 (67.5) | |
| Yes | 561 (49.8) | 409 (62.1) | 152 (32.5) | |
| Ever had sex * | 0.399 | |||
| No | 3784 (90.5) | 2886 (90.7) | 898 (89.8) | |
| Yes | 398 (9.5) | 296 (9.3) | 102 (10.2) | |
| Ever missed class * | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3277 (78.5) | 2571 (80.9) | 703 (70.9) | |
| Yes | 896 (21.5) | 607 (19.1) | 289 (29.1) | |
| Number of close friends * | 0.290 | |||
| No friends | 363 (8.7) | 285 (9.0) | 78 (7.9) | |
| >1 friend | 3798 (91.3) | 2888 (91.0) | 910 (92.1) | |
| Ever been physically attacked * | 0.002 | |||
| No | 3208 (76.8) | 2408 (75.7) | 800 (80.4) | |
| Yes | 968 (23.2) | 773 (24.3) | 195 (19.6) | |
| Ever engaged in a physical fight * | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3363 (80.3) | 2449 (77.0) | 914 (90.9) | |
| Yes | 824 (19.7) | 733 (23.0) | 91 (9.1) | |
| Ever been bullied * | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3688 (88.1) | 2748 (86.4) | 940 (93.7) | |
| Yes | 497 (11.9) | 434 (13.6) | 63 (6.3) | |
| Food insecurity * | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3885 (92.8) | 2924 (91.9) | 961 (95.7) | |
| Yes | 301 (7.2) | 258 (8.1) | 43 (4.3) | |
| Parental engagement * | 0.058 | |||
| No | 2156 (51.6) | 1666 (52.4) | 490 (49.0) | |
| Yes | 2025 (48.4) | 1514 (47.6) | 511 (51.0) | |
| Survey year (Overall) | 4188 | 3182 (76.0) | 1006 (24.0) |
IQR = Interquartile range. * Frequency does not tally due to missing values. † Using at least one substance (alcohol, cigarette, tobacco, khat, marijuana, and amphetamines) in the past 30 days.