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. 2023 Apr 27;32(4):778–817. doi: 10.1007/s11666-023-01587-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

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Fig. 4 — Multilayer thermally sprayed implant coatings as proposed by Singh et al. (Ref 58). (a) Multilayer coating with a TiO₂ bond coat (#2), heat-treated (HT) hydroxyapatite (HA) intermediary coating (#3), and plasma-sprayed amorphous HA coating (#4). (b) Functionally-graded version of the multilayer coating as proposed by (a). Figure adapted from Ref 58. Reprinted from Ceramics International, volume 47, issue 7, Jarnail Singh, Sukhpal Singh Chatha, Hazoor Singh, Synthesis and characterization of plasma sprayed functional gradient bioceramic coating for medical implant applications, pages 9143-9155, Copyright 2021, with permission from Elsevier