Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Between Study Variables (N = 6996).
| Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Physical abuse | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2. Neglect | 0.21 *** | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 3. Sexual abuse | −0.04 ** | 0.00 | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 4. Emotional abuse | 0.10 *** | 0.10 *** | 0.03 ** | — | |||||||||||||||
| 5. Prior perpetration | 0.08 *** | 0.03 ** | −0.03 * | −0.01 | — | ||||||||||||||
| 6. Substance use | 0.10 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.10 *** | 0.05 *** | 0.10 *** | — | |||||||||||||
| 7. Mental health problems |
0.06 *** | 0.02 | 0.05 *** | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.10 *** | — | ||||||||||||
| 8. Disability and medical conditions | −0.04 ** | 0.01 | 0.04 ** | −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.19 *** | — | |||||||||||
| 9. Inadequate housing | 0.06 *** | 0.00 | −0.04 ** | 0.02 | −0.04 ** | 0.06 *** | 0.05 ** | 0.05 *** | — | ||||||||||
| 10. Economic insecurity |
0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04 * | −0.03 | 0.23 *** | 0.18 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.04 ** | 0.15 *** | — | |||||||||
| 11. Intimate partner violence |
−0.03 ** | −0.03 ** | 0.06 *** | 0.07 *** | −0.03 * | 0.06 *** | 0.04 ** | 0.00 | 0.08 *** | −0.04 ** | — | ||||||||
| 12. Child age | 0.05 *** | 0.02 | 0.21 *** | 0.08 *** | 0.02 | 0.09 *** | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.08 *** | — | |||||||
| 13. Child sex (girl) | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.10 *** | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 *** | — | ||||||
| 14. Father’s age | 0.08 *** | 0.04 *** | 0.09 *** | 0.05 *** | 0.11 *** | 0.03 * | 0.06 *** | 0.04 ** | 0.04 ** | 0.06 *** | 0.08 *** | 0.44 *** | 0.04 *** | — | |||||
| 15. Mother’s age | 0.08 *** | 0.03 ** | 0.11 *** | 0.07 *** | 0.07 *** | 0.00 | 0.04 ** | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 *** | 0.57 *** | 0.03 ** | 0.69 *** | — | ||||
| 16. White | −0.04 ** | 0.09 *** | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.03 * | 0.07 *** | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 ** | 0.07 *** | 0.08 *** | 0.05 *** | 0.00 | 0.06 *** | 0.08 ** | — | |||
| 17. Latinx | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.03 * | 0.00 | 0.05 *** | −0.02 | −0.03 * | −0.01 | 0.05 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.05 *** | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 0.37 *** | — | ||
| 18. Black | 0.03 ** | 0.10 *** | −0.02 | −0.02 | 0.03 * | 0.11 *** | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 * | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.05 *** | 0.48 *** | 0.13 *** | — | |
| 19. Other | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 * | −0.03 * | 0.03* | 0.04 * | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.04 *** | 0.07 *** | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.04 *** | 0.56 *** | 0.15 *** | 0.19 *** | — |
| M or % | 14.28 | 92.94 | 2.00 | 1.24 | 57.20 | 43.22 | 8.42 | 7.86 | 19.97 | 52.04 | 33.27 | 2.96 | 48.21 | 33.79 | 30.14 | 58.38 | 9.02 | 14.29 | 18.31 |
| SD | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.14 | — | 8.89 | 7.07 | — | — | — | — |
Notes. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. M = Mean. SD = Standard Deviation.