Table 2.

Summary of biomolecular detections based on LSPR and SERS.

Target Analyte	Method	Detection Range	LOD	Ref.
Cardiac troponin I	LSPR	up to 20 ng/mL	ca. 30 pM	[109]
Alanine aminotransferase	LSPR	10–1000 U/L	10.61 U/L	[110]
Acetylcholine	LSPR	up to 1000 μM	14.28 μM	[111]
Cholesterol	LSPR	up to 10 mM	1.131 mM	[112]
Aflatoxin B1	LSPR	up to 20 ng/mL	0.18 ng/mL	[113]
p-cresol	LSPR	up to 1000 μM	57.43 μM	[114]
Histamine	LSPR	0.23–10.23 mg/kg	1.0 mg/kg (0.0089 mM)	[115]
Creatinine	SERS	0.0000056–0.001 M	5 × 10−6 M	[116]
Cardiac troponin I	SERS	0.01–1000 ng/mL	5 pg/mL	[117]
Cocaine	SERS	1–5000 ng/mL	1 ng/mL	[118]
H2O2 Cholesterol	SERS	up to 100 μM	5.5 × 10−6 M 3.7 × 10−6 M	[119]
Ochratoxin A Aflatoxin B1	SERS	103–10−5 μg/mL	2.63 pg/mL 4.15 pg/mL	[120]
Glucose	SERS	0.5–10 mM	0.1 mM	[121]
Histamine	SERS	10−8–10−3 mol/L	10−8 mol/L	[122]
Histamine	Col	up to 2000 nM	8 nM	[37]
Dopamine	Col	1–1000 nM	1 nM	[43]
AFB1	Fl	0.04–20 μM	18 nM	[49]
OTA	Fl	0.2–140 nM	0.21 nM	[81]
Ampicillin	Fl	0.1–100 ng/mL	0.07 ng/mL	[82]
Cocaine	Col	1.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−8 M	0.48 nM	[84]

Note: in the Table, EC, electrochemical; Col, colorimetric; Fl, fluorescent; MRSw, magnetic relaxation switching; RPS, resistive pulse sensing.