Table 1.
Surface-functionalized lipid-based nanocarriers for active tumor targeting.
| Target | Nanomaterial Description | Payloads | Cancer Type | Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD44 receptor | Anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody conjugated PEGylated liposomes; size: 107 ± 3.1 nm; ZP: −15.6 ± 0.3 mV | Doxorubicin | Colon carcinoma | In vitro: C-26 mouse colon adenocarcinoma cells In vivo: BALB/c mice bearing C-26 tumor |
[54] |
| Hyaluronic acid-coated SLNs; size: 224 ± 16 nm; ZP: −17.1 ± 0.73 mV | Docetaxel | Breast cancer | In vitro: MCF-7, MCF-7/ADR, and MDA-MBA-231 triple-negative human breast cancer cells | [55] | |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) | EGFR-antagonistic affibody (ZEGFR)-conjugated PEGylated liposomes; size: 140.01 ± 0.84 nm; ZP: −13.40 ± 0.8 mV | Cisplatin | Epidermoid carcinoma | In vitro: A431 human squamous carcinoma cells In vivo: BALB/c nude mice bearing A431 tumor grafts |
[56] |
| Estrogen receptor | Estrone-conjugated PEGylated liposomes; size: 129.53 ± 1.19 nm; ZP: −5.74 ± 0.51 mV | Epirubicin and paclitaxel | Breast cancer | In vitro: MCF-7 cells In vivo: MCF-7 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice |
[57] |
| Folate receptor | Folic acid conjugated liposomes; size: 174.0 ± 0.9 nm; ZP: −8.5 mV | Celastrol and irinotecan | Breast and lung cancers | In vitro: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cells In vivo: MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice |
[58] |
| Folic acid conjugated NLCs; * NLC(Gel-DOX-PEG-FA) size: 220 ± 46 nm and ZP: −24.5 ± 1.7 mV * NLC(Pal-DOX-PEG-FA) size: 281 ± 18 nm and ZP: −28.0 ± 0.9 mV |
Doxorubicin | Breast cancer | In vitro: MDA-MB-231 cells | [59] | |
| Her2 receptor | MM-302 conjugated PEGylated liposomes; size: ~100 nm | Doxorubicin | Breast cancer | In vivo: HER2 expressing murine and human breast cancer mice models | [60] |
| p32 protein | LinTT1 peptide-functionalized liposomes; size: 146 ± 4 nm; ZP: −32.6 ± 2.3 mV | Doxorubicin and sorafenib | Breast cancer | In vitro: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, MDA-MB-231 spheroids | [61] |
| Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) | Glutamate-Urea-Lysine conjugated PEGylated NLCs; size: 129 ± 3 nm; ZP: −36.3 ± 0.3 mV | Cabazitaxel | Prostate cancer | In vitro: LNCaP human prostate cancer cells | [62] |
| Transferrin receptor | Transferrin conjugated SLNs; size: 231.4 ± 2.5 nm; ZP: −8.36 ± 0.1 mV | Curcumin | Prostate cancer | In vitro: LNCaP cells In vivo: BALB/c nude mice bearing LNCaP tumors |
[63] |
* NLC(Gel-DOX-PEG-FA): Doxorubicin-loaded folic acid conjugated PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers comprising Gelucire®43/01 solid lipid. NLC(Pal-DOX-PEG-FA): Doxorubicin-loaded folic acid conjugated PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers comprising cetyl palmitate solid lipid.