Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of patients at diagnosis according to previous cardiac comorbidities.
| Characteristic | Overall | Relevant Cardiac Comorbidities | No Cardiac Comorbidities | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (Range) |
n (%) | Median (Range) |
n (%) | Median (Range) | n (%) | ||
| N | 571 (100) | 82 (14) | 489 (86) | ||||
| Age, years | 65 (18–98) | 72 (37–98) | 64 (18–92) | <0.001 * | |||
| <65 | 272 (48) | 25 (30) | 247 (51) | 0.001 | |||
| ≥65 | 299 (52) | 57 (70) | 242 (49) | ||||
| Gender | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| Male | 331 (58) | 60 (73) | 271 (55) | 0.004 | |||
| Female | 240 (42) | 22 (27) | 218 (45) | ||||
| ECOG | 1 (0–4) | 571 | 1 (0–4) | 82 | 1 (0–4) | 489 | 0.001 * |
| 0–1 | 432 (76) | 54 (66) | 378 (77) | 0.04 | |||
| ≥2 | 139 (24) | 28 (34) | 111 (23) | ||||
| Comorbidities | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| Yes | 379 (66) | 75 (91) | 304 (62) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 192 (34) | 7 (9) | 185 (38) | ||||
| Type of AML | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| De novo | 350 (61) | 45 (55) | 305 (62) | 0.298 | |||
| Therapy-related | 91 (16) | 13 (16) | 78 (16) | ||||
| Previous MDS/MPN | 130 (23) | 24 (29) | 106 (22) | ||||
| WHO classification | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| AML-RGA | 154 (27) | 20 (24) | 134 (27) | 0.819 | |||
| AML-NOS | 68 (12) | 10 (12) | 58 (12) | ||||
| AML-MRC | 240 (42) | 41 (50) | 199 (41) | ||||
| t-AML | 52 (9) | 5 (6) | 47 (10) | ||||
| Myeloid sarcoma | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | ||||
| Ambiguous lineage | 8 (1) | 1 (1) | 7 (1) | ||||
| BPDCN | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | ||||
| Not available | 45 (8) | 5 (6) | 40 (8) | ||||
| Extramedullary disease | 569 | 82 | 487 | ||||
| Yes | 100 (18) | 14 (17) | 86 (18) | 0.978 | |||
| No | 469 (82) | 68 (83) | 401 (82) | ||||
| WBC, ×109/L | 8 (0.3–434.3) | 571 | 8.2 (0.3–300.2) | 82 | 8 (0.3–434.3) | 489 | 0.640 * |
| ≤5 | 241 (42) | 35 (43) | 206 (42) | 0.705 | |||
| 5–10 | 68 (12) | 11 (13) | 57 (12) | ||||
| 10–50 | 153 (27) | 24 (29) | 129 (26) | ||||
| > 50 | 109 (19) | 12 (15) | 97 (20) | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 8.8 (2.9–15.5) | 571 | 8.4 (5–12.9) | 82 | 8.8 (2.9–15.5) | 489 | 0.078 * |
| ≤10 | 434 (76) | 70 (85) | 364 (74) | 0.044 | |||
| >10 | 137 (24) | 12 (15) | 125 (26) | ||||
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 53 (1–1442) | 570 | 47 (8–816) | 81 | 54 (1–1442) | 489 | 0.275 * |
| ≤20 | 109 (19) | 16 (20) | 93 (19) | 0.997 | |||
| > 20 | 461 (81) | 65 (80) | 396 (81) | ||||
| PB blasts, % | 563 | 82 | 481 | ||||
| ≤50 | 417 (74) | 64 (78) | 353 (73) | 0.451 | |||
| > 50 | 146 (26) | 18 (22) | 128 (27) | ||||
| BM blasts, % | 47 (0–100) | 559 | 43 (14–100) | 81 | 48 (0–100) | 478 | 0.239 * |
| ≤30 | 158 (28) | 28 (35) | 130 (27) | 0.339 | |||
| >30≤70 | 234 (42) | 29 (36) | 205 (43) | ||||
| >70 | 167 (30) | 24 (30) | 143 (30) | ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.1–7.4) | 570 | 1 (0.2–5.4) | 82 | 0.8 (0.1–7.4) | 488 | <0.001 * |
| ≤1.3 | 482 (85) | 58 (71) | 424 (87) | <0.001 | |||
| > 1.3 | 88 (15) | 24 (29) | 64 (13) | ||||
| Urea, mg/dL | 36 (6–174) | 554 | 45 (18–158) | 81 | 35 (6–174) | 473 | <0.001 * |
| ≤50 | 429 (77) | 46 (57) | 383 (81) | <0.001 | |||
| >50 | 125 (23) | 35 (43) | 90 (19) | ||||
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5 (1–29) | 489 | 5.8 (1.4–17.1) | 68 | 4.9 (1–29) | 421 | 0.002 * |
| ≤7 | 398 (81) | 48 (71) | 350 (83) | 0.022 | |||
| >7 | 91 (19) | 20 (29) | 71 (17) | ||||
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.6 (0.1–6.2) | 553 | 0.7 (0.1–2.3) | 77 | 0.6 (0.1–6.2) | 472 | 0.313 * |
| ≤1.2 | 484 (88) | 68 (86) | 416 (88) | 0.813 | |||
| >1.2 | 69 (12) | 11 (14) | 58 (12) | ||||
| AST, U/L | 22 (6–1085) | 549 | 22 (7–185) | 77 | 22 (6–1085) | 472 | 0.061 * |
| ≤50 | 482 (88) | 69 (90) | 413 (88) | 0.821 | |||
| >50 | 66 (12) | 8 (10) | 58 (12) | ||||
| ALT, U/L | 18 (3–714) | 566 | 16 (3–125) | 80 | 19 (3–714) | 486 | 0.68 * |
| ≤50 | 504 (89) | 75 (94) | 429 (88) | 0.207 | |||
| >50 | 62 (11) | 5 (6) | 57 (12) | ||||
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.7 (1.6–5.2) | 518 | 3.7 (2.2–4.8) | 69 | 3.7 (1.6–5.2) | 449 | 0.148 * |
| ≤3.5 | 204 (39) | 31 (45) | 173 (39) | 0.379 | |||
| >3.5 | 314 (61) | 38 (55) | 276 (61) | ||||
| LDH, U/L | 521 (101–42630) | 558 | 627 (149–11800) | 509 (101–42630) | 0.984 * | ||
| ≤600 | 307 (55) | 38 (48) | 269 (56) | 0.181 | |||
| >600 | 251 (45) | 42 (53) | 209 (44) | ||||
| Fibrinogen | 487 (34–1150) | 548 | 493 (162–1002) | 79 | 487 (34–1150) | 469 | 0.947 * |
| ≤170 | 6 (1) | 1 (1) | 5 (1) | 0.67 | |||
| >170 | 542 (99) | 78 (99) | 464 (99) | ||||
| Prothrombin time | 501 | 70 | 431 | ||||
| Prolonged | 175 (35) | 33 (47) | 142 (33) | 0.03 | |||
| Normal | 326 (65) | 37 (53) | 289 (67) | ||||
| APTT | 541 | 76 | 465 | ||||
| Prolonged | 73 (13) | 10 (13) | 63 (14) | 0.917 | |||
| Normal | 468 (87) | 66 (87) | 401 (86) | ||||
| Cytogenetics | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| Normal | 211 (37) | 34 (41) | 177 (36) | 0.8 | |||
| Abnormal | 293 (51) | 38 (46) | 255 (52) | ||||
| No metaphases | 47 (8) | 7 (9) | 40 (8) | ||||
| Not available | 20 (4) | 3 (4) | 17 (3) | ||||
| MRC Cytogenetic risk | 517 | 74 | 443 | ||||
| Favorable | 27 (5) | 1 (1) | 26 (6) | 0.185 | |||
| Intermediate | 307 (59) | 49 (66) | 258 (58) | ||||
| Adverse | 183 (35) | 24 (32) | 159 (36) | ||||
| FLT3-ITD | 517 | 77 | 440 | ||||
| Positive | 79 (15) | 9 (12) | 70 (16) | 0.437 | |||
| Negative | 438 (85) | 68 (88) | 370 (84) | ||||
| FLT3-ITD ratio | 517 | 77 | 440 | ||||
| <0.05 | 452 (87) | 70 (91) | 382 (87) | 0.752 | |||
| 0.05–0.5 | 24 (5) | 2 (3) | 22 (5) | ||||
| 0.5–0.8 | 23 (4) | 3 (4) | 20 (5) | ||||
| ≥0.8 | 18 (3) | 2 (3) | 16 (4) | ||||
| FLT3-TKD | 505 | 75 | 430 | ||||
| Positive | 26 (13) | 6 (8) | 20 (5) | 0.217 | |||
| Negative | 479 (93) | 69 (92) | 410 (93) | ||||
| NPM1 | 514 | 77 | 437 | ||||
| Positive | 119 (23) | 18 (23) | 101 (23) | 0.924 | |||
| Negative | 395 (77) | 59 (77) | 336 (77) | ||||
| CEBPA | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| Positive | 14 (2) | 2 (2) | 12 (2) | 0.427 | |||
| Negative | 317 (56) | 47 (57) | 270 (55) | ||||
| Not available | 240 (42) | 33 (40) | 207 (42) | ||||
| IDH | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| IDH1 positive | 23 (4) | 3 (4) | 20 (4) | 0.67 | |||
| IDH2 positive | 54 (9) | 6 (7) | 48 (10) | ||||
| Negative | 266 (47) | 43 (52) | 223 (46) | ||||
| Not available | 228 (40) | 30 (37) | 198 (40) | ||||
| Therapeutic approach | 571 | 82 | 489 | ||||
| Intensive | 218 (38) | 19 (23) | 199 (41) | 0.043 | |||
| HMA | 7 (1) | 2 (2) | 5 (1) | ||||
| LDAC-based | 68 (12) | 11 (13) | 57 (12) | ||||
| Clinical trial, intensive | 67 (12) | 9 (11) | 58 (12) | ||||
| Clinical trial, non-intensive | 165 (29) | 32 (39) | 133 (27) | ||||
| BSC | 46 (8) | 9 (11) | 37 (8) | ||||
* p compares continuous variables.