CircRNAs	circular RNAs
GI	gastrointestinal
GC	gastric cancer
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
CRC	colorectal cancer
EC	esophageal cancer
PC	pancreatic cancer
TCA	tricarboxylic acid
NADH	reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FADH2	reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide 2
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
MiRNAs	microRNAs
LncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
pre-mRNA	precursor mRNA
GLUT1	glucose uptake and glucose transporter 1
HK	hexokinase
PFK	phosphofructokinase
PK	pyruvate kinase
PKM2	pyruvate kinase M2
G6P	glucose-6-phosphate
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
ROS	reactive oxygen species
TME	tumor microenvironment
MCT1	monocarboxylate transporter 1
TGF-β	transforming growth factor β
TGF-β RI	TGF-β receptor I
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
5-FU	5-fluorouracil
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
LDHA	lactate dehydrogenase A
HKDC1	hexokinase domain containing protein 1
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
HIF1	hypoxia inducible factor-1
HREs	hypoxia-responsive elements
MCT4	monocarboxylate transporter 4
ENO1	enolase 1
IL-6	interleukin 6
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Akt	protein kinase B
FOXM1	forkhead box protein M1
FOX	forkhead box
GFs	growth factors
GFR	growth factor receptor
PIP2	phosphatidy-linositol-3,4-bisphosphate
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-bisphosphate
PDK	phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
FHA	forkhead-associated
shRNA	short hairpin RNA
siRNA	small interfering RNA
ASOs	antisense oligonucleotides
EVs	extracellular vesicles
SIRT1	sirtuin1