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. 2023 Mar 28;13(4):566. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13040566

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The comparison of three methods to reduce pneumocephalus and CSF loss. Representative intraoperative CT images of three patients who underwent bilateral electrode implantation, each with one of three burr hole-sealing approaches, are presented. (A) A 58-year-old male patient with Parkinson’s disease (PD) underwent bilateral STN-DBS electrode implantation in 2013. During the operation, bone wax was used to seal the burr hole. The air volume of the intraoperative CT images was 20.81 cm³. (B) A 65-year-old female patient with ET underwent bilateral Vim-DBS electrode implantation in 2021. The burr hole was filled with fibrin glue during the surgery. The air volume of the intraoperative CT images was 2.51 cm³. (C) A 60-year-old female patient with ET underwent bilateral Vim–PSA DBS electrode implantation in 2022. We adopted the “water sealing” method for this patient. The air volume of the intraoperative CT images was 4.18 cm³.