| bioNP | biological nanoparticle |
| CCD | charge-coupled device |
| CM | conditioned media |
| CMOS | complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
| EV | extracellular vesicle |
| FC | flow cytometry |
| MSC | human mesenchymal cell |
| NP | nanoparticle |
| SAM | self-assembling monolayer |
| SPR | surface plasmon resonance |
| VLP | virus-like particle |
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