Table 2.

Hevein, hevein-like peptides, and derived peptides: sequence, net charge at pH 7.0, and biological activity. Cysteine residues are shown in red, and substituted amino acids are highlighted in cyan. Amino acids involved in chitin-binding are shown in green. Gaps (−) were introduced to improve the alignment.

Peptide	Amino Acid Sequence	Net Charge at pH 7.0
	Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity	Reference
Hevein	----EQ C GRQAGGKL C PNNL CC S Q W G W C GSTDE Y C SPDHN C QSN C KD---	−2
	IC50 = 500 μg/mL against B. cinerea (MUCL 30158); IC50 = 600 μg/mL against F. culmorum (IMI 180420); IC50 = 1250 μg/mL against F. oxysporum (IMI 236441); IC50 = 300 μg/mL against Phycomyces blakesleeanus strain K1 (ATCC 5633); IC50 = 350 μg/mL against Pyrenophora tritici-repentis strain 45101; IC50 = 500 μg/mL against Pyricularia oryzae (MUCL 30166); IC50 = 500 μg/mL against Septoria nodorum (MUCL 30111); IC50 = 90 μg/mL against Trichoderma hamatum strain 10401.	[73]
LAMP-1a	---AQK C GEQGRGAK C PN C L CC GRYGF C GSTPDY C GV-G- C QSQ C R-G C -	+3
	IC50 = 2.7 μM (24 h after inoculation) and 5.6 μM (48 h after inoculation) against Bipolaris sorokiniana strain 6/10; IC50 = 4.1 μM (24 h after inoculation) and 6.0 μM (48 h after inoculation) against F. oxysporum strain 16/10.	[74]
WAMP-1a	---AQR C G D QA R G AK C PN C L CC GKYGF C GSGDAY C GA-GS C QSQ C R-G C -	+3
	IC50 = 5 μg/mL against B. sorokiniana strain 6/10; IC50 = 20 μg/mL against B. cinerea VKM F-85; IC50 = 5 μg/mL against F. oxysporum TSA-4; IC50 = 5 μg/mL against Fusarium solani VKM F-142; IC50 = 30 μg/mL against Fusarium verticillioides VKM F-670; IC50 = 10 μg/mL against Neurospora crassa VKM F-184; Growth inhibition of Phytophtora infestans strains Pril 2 and OSV 12 at 5 μM; Growth inhibition of Pseudomonas syringae VKM B-1546, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis VKM Ac-1144 and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora VKM B-1247 at 2.5 μg/50μL;	[75]
	IC50 = 2.1 μM (24 h after inoculation) and 6.2 μM (48 h after inoculation) against B. sorokiniana strain 6/10; IC50 = 2.9 μM (24 h after inoculation) and 5.9 μM (48 h after inoculation) against F. oxysporum strain 16/10.	[74]
WAMP-1b	---AQR C G D QA R G AK C PN C L CC GKYGF C GSGDAY C GA-GS C QSQ C R-G C R	+4
	IC50 = 4.9 μM against B. sorokiniana; IC50 = 16.0 μM against F. oxysporum F-137; IC50 = 18.0 μM against Alternaria alternata; No inhibition of Cladosporium cucumerinum C5 at 150 μg/mL;	[76]
	IC50 = 2.7 μM against F. verticillioides VKM F-670.	[77]
WAMP-2	---AQR C G D Q AR G AK C P N C L CC G KY G F C GS GDA Y C G K -GS C QSQ C R-G C R	+5
	IC50 = 6.6 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 = 8.8 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 = 52.9 μM against F. culmorum OR-02-37; IC50 = 23.0 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; IC50 = 8.0 μM against C. cucumerinum C5;	[78]
	IC50 = 2.2 μM against F. verticillioides VKM F-670.	[77]
WAMP-3.1	---AQR C G D Q AR G AK C P N C L CC G KY G F C GS GDA Y C G E -GS C QSQ C R-G C R	+3
	IC50 = 4.8 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 = 6.8 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 = 17.8 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; No inhibition of C. cucumerinum C5 at 150 μg/mL;	[78]
	IC50 = 3.5 μM against F. verticillioides VKM F-670.	[77]
WAMP-4	---AQR C G D Q AR G AK C P N C L CC G KY G F C GS GDA Y C G N -GS C QSQ C R-G C R	+4
	IC50 = 5.2 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 = 11.2 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 = 23.2 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; IC50 = 12.5 μM against C. cucumerinum C5;	[78]
	IC50 = 3.0 μM against F. verticillioides VKM F-670.	[77]
WAMP-5	---AQR C G D Q AR G AK C P N C L CC G KY G F C GS GDA Y C G V -GS C QSQ C R-G C R	+4
	IC50 = 5.4 μM against B. sorokiniana; IC50 = 12.1 μM against F. oxysporum F-137; IC50 = 13.8 μM against A. alternata; IC50 = 11.6 μM against C. cucumerinum.	[76]
WAMP-N	--- AQR C G D Q AR G AK C	+2
	IC50 = 53.5 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 = 174.6 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 = 243.5 μM against F. culmorum OR-02-37; IC50 > 500 μM against Fusarium avenaceum Br-04-60; IC50 = 75.3 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; IC50 = 205.5 μM against C. cucumerinum C5; IC50 = 161.5 μM against Parastagonospora nodorum B-9/47.	[78]
WAMP-G1	------------------- L CC G KY G F C GS G	+1
	IC50 = 228.7 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 > 500 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 > 500 μM against F. culmorum OR-02-37; No activity against F. avenaceum Br-04-60 at 400 μg/mL; IC50 > 500 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; IC50 > 500 μM against C. cucumerinum C5; IC50 > 500 μM against P. nodorum B-9/47.	[78]
WAMP-G2	-------------------- CC G KY G F C GS GDA Y C	0
	IC50 = 127.3 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 = 255.1 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 > 500 μM against F. culmorum OR-02-37; IC50 = 393.1 μM against F. avenaceum Br-04-60; IC50 = 94.9 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; IC50 = 267.4 μM against C. cucumerinum C5; IC50 = 276.5 μM against P. nodorum B-9/47.	[78]
WAMP-C	----------------------------------- G K-GS C QSQ C R-G C R	+3
	IC50 = 313.6 μM against B. sorokiniana KrD-81; IC50 > 500 μM against F. oxysporum F37; IC50 > 500 μM against F. culmorum OR-02-37; No activity against F. avenaceum Br-04-60 at 400 μg/mL; IC50 = 401.9 μM against A. alternata MRD-12; IC50 = 3.9 μM against C. cucumerinum C5; IC50 = 240.7 μM against P. nodorum B-9/47.	[78]
Ee-CBP	----QQ C GRQAGNRR C ANNL CC SQYGY C GRTNEY CC TSQG C QSQ C RR- C G	+5
	IC50 = 3 μg/mL (0.6 μM) against Alternaria brassicicola MUCL 20297; IC50 = 1 μg/mL (0.2 μM) against B. cinerea MUCL 6492; IC50 = 3 μg/mL (0.6 μM) against F. culmorum IMI 180420; IC50 = 15 μg/mL (3 μM) against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense; IC50 = 5 μg/mL (1 μM) against F. oxysporum f. sp. matthiolae CBS 247.61; IC50 = 6 μg/mL (1.2 μM) against Mycosphaerella eumusae; IC50 = 2 μg/mL (0.4 μM) against N. crassa FGSC 2489; IC50 = 33 μg/mL (6.6 μM) against Phoma exigua CBS 431.74; IC50 = 25 μg/mL (5 μM) against Phytophthora cryptogea CBS 418.71; IC50 = 33 μg/mL (6.6 μM) against Pythium ultimum MUCL 30159; IC50 = 25 μg/mL (5 μM) against Rhizoctonia solani CBS 207.84; IC50 = 100 μg/mL (20 μM) against Trichoderma hamatum ATCC 20765; IC50 = 2 μg/mL against Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13632; IC50 = 7 μg/mL against Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341.	[79], the figures in parentheses [62]
EAFP1	----QT C ASR C P-RP C NAGL CC SIYGY C GSGNAY C GA-GN C R C Q C RG---	+4
	IC50 = 155 μg/mL against Aculops lycopersici; IC50 = 56 μg/mL against Fusarium moniliforme; IC50 = 46 μg/mL against F. oxysporum; IC50 = 35 μg/mL against Colletotrichum gossypii; No effect on the growth of Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas syringae.	[80]
EAFP2	----QT C ASR C P-RP C NAGL CC SIYGY C GSGAAY C GA-GN C R C Q C RG---	+4
	IC50 = 109 μg/mL against A. lycopersici; IC50 = 18 μg/mL against F. moniliforme; IC50 = 94 μg/mL against F. oxysporum; IC50 = 56 μg/mL against C. gossypii; No effect on the growth of B. megaterium and P. syringae.	[80]
Pn-AMP1	----QQ C GRQASGRL C GNRL CC SQWGY C GSTASY C G--AG C QSQ C RS---	+4
	IC50 = 16 μg/mL against B. cinerea; IC50 = 10 μg/mL against Colletotrichum langenarium; IC50 = 11 μg/mL against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; IC50 = 10 μg/mL against F. oxysporum; IC50 = 26 μg/mL against R. solani; IC50 = 5 μg/mL against Phytophthora capsici; IC50 = 3 μg/mL against Phytophthora parasitica cv. nicotianae; IC50 = 14 μg/mL against Saccharomyces cerevisiae EGY48; No activity against Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and cultured cells Spodoptera frugiperda 9 and MA104 at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL; IC50 = 38 μg/mL against Bacillus subtilis.	[81]
Pn-AMP2	----QQ C GRQASGRL C GNRL CC SQWGY C GSTASY C G--AG C QSQ C R----	+4
	IC50 = 2 μg/mL against B. cinerea; IC50 = 4 μg/mL against C. langenarium; IC50 = 3 μg/mL against S. sclerotiorum; IC50 = 2.5 μg/mL against F. oxysporum; IC50 = 75 μg/mL against R. solani; IC50 = 0.6 μg/mL against P. capsici; IC50 = 2 μg/mL against P. parasitica cv. nicotianae; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against S. cerevisiae EGY48; IC50 = 2.5 μg/mL against Pythium spp.; No activity against Gram-negative E. coli, A. tumefaciens and cultured cells S. frugiperda 9 and MA104 at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL; IC50 = 20 μg/mL against B. subtilis.	[81]
Fa-AMP1	----AQ C GAQGGGAT C PGGL CC SQWGW C GSTPKY C G--AG C QSN C K----	+2
	IC50 = 19 μg/mL against F. oxysporum IFO 6384; IC50 = 36 μg/mL against Geotrichum candidum; IC50 = 11 μg/mL against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora MAFF 106567; IC50 = 24 μg/mL against Agrobacterium radiobacter MAFF 520028; IC50 = 20 μg/mL against Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 210265; IC50 = 14 μg/mL against C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis MAFF 301044; IC50 = 13 μg/mL against Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. oorti MAFF 301203.	[82]
Fa-AMP2	----AQ C GAQGGGAT C PGGL CC SQWGW C GSTPKY C G--AG C QSN C R----	+2
	IC50 = 29 μg/mL against F. oxysporum IFO 6384; IC50 = 25 μg/mL against G. candidum; IC50 = 15 μg/mL against E. carotovora subsp. carotovora MAFF 106567; IC50 = 17 μg/mL against A. radiobacter MAFF 520028; IC50 = 24 μg/mL against A. rhizogenes MAFF 210265; IC50 = 17 μg/mL against C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis MAFF 301044; IC50 = 15 μg/mL against C. flaccumfaciens pv. oorti MAFF 301203.	[82]
mO1	----QN C GRQAGNRA C ANQL CC SQYGF C GSTSEY C SRANG C QSN C RGG--	+3
	IC50 = 25.51 μg/mL against A. alternata CICC 2465; IC50 = 60.43 μg/mL against A. brassicicola CICC 2646; No activity against Curvularia lunata CICC 40301, F. oxysporum CICC 2532, Aspergillus niger CICC 2089, Verticillium dahilae CICC 2534, R. solani CICC 40259 at a concentration of 70 μg/mL; No significant cytotoxic effect on Vero cells with concentrations up to 100 μM.	[58]
vH2	----FQ C GRQAGGAR C SNGL CC SQFGY C GSTPPY C GA-GQ C QSQ C -----	+2
	IC50 = 21.87 μg/mL against A. alternata CICC 40292; IC50 = 16.10 μg/mL against C. lunata CICC 40301; IC50 = 5.05 μg/mL against F. oxysporum CICC 2532; IC50 = 1.77 μg/mL against R. solani CICC 40259.	[54]
gB5	---DPT C SKL-GDFK C NPGR CC SKFNY C GSTAAY C GR-GN C IAQ C P----	+3
	IC50 = 6.8 μg/mL against A. niger; IC50 = 10.0 μg/mL against C. lunata CICC 40301; IC50 = 69.2 μg/mL against F. oxysporum CICC 2532; IC50 = 20.0 μg/mL against R. solani CICC 40259.	[53]
Ac-AMP1	---VGE C ---VRG-R C PSGM CC SQFGY C GKGPKY C G--------------	+3
	IC50 = 7 μg/mL against A. brassicola; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against A. pisi; IC50 = 10 μg/mL against B. cinerea; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against C. lindemuthianum; IC50 = 2 μg/mL against F. culmorum; IC50 = 7 μg/mL against T. hamatum; IC50 = 6 μg/mL against V. dahlia; IC50 = 40 μg/mL against B. megaterium; IC50 = 250 μg/mL against S. lutea.	[83]
Ac-AMP2	---VGE C ---VRG-R C PSGM CC SQ F G Y C GKGPK Y C GR-------------	+4
	IC50 = 4 μg/mL against A. brassicola; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against A. pisi; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against B. cinerea; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against C. lindemuthianum; IC50 = 2 μg/mL against F. culmorum; IC50 = 3 μg/mL against T. hamatum; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against V. dahliae; IC50 = 10 μg/mL against B. megaterium; IC50 = 40 μg/mL against S. lutea;	[83]
	IC50 = 50 μg/mL against A. brassicicola MUCL 20297; IC50 = 2 μg/mL against B. cinerea MUCL 6492; IC50 = 6 μg/mL against F. culmorum IMI 180420; IC50 = 100 μg/mL against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense; IC50 = 30 μg/mL against F. oxysporum f. sp. matthiolae CBS 247.61; IC50 = 8 μg/mL against Mycosphaerella eumusae; IC50 = 3 μg/mL against N. crassa FGSC 2489; IC50 = 30 μg/mL against Phoma exigua CBS 431.74; IC50 = 50 μg/mL against Phytophthora cryptogea CBS 418.71; IC50 = 95 μg/mL against Pythium ultimum MUCL 30159; IC50 = 100 μg/mL against R. solani CBS 207.84; IC50 = 100 μg/mL against T. hamatum ATCC 20765; IC50 = 7 μg/mL against B. megaterium ATCC 13632; IC50 = 20 μg/mL against S. lutea ATCC 9341.	[79]
Ar-AMP	---AGE C ---VQG-R C PSGM CC SQFGY C GRGPKY C GR-------------	+3
	Growth inhibition of F. culmorum at 3.5 μM; Growth inhibition of Helminthosporium sativum and B. cinerea at 10.6 μM; Growth inhibition of Alternaria consortiale at 31.8 μM; No growth inhibition of R. solani at 286.0 μM.	[84]
IWF4	---SGE C NMYG---R C PPGY CC SKFGY C GVGRAY C G--------------	+2
	IC50 = 0.7 μM against Cercospora beticola isolate FC573 (oxidized and nonoxidized IWF4 showed the same activity level).	[55]
SmAMP3	VGPGGE C GGRFGG-- C AGGQ CC SRFGF C GSGPKY C AH -------------	+2
	IC50 = 5.4 μM against A. niger; IC50 = 2.0 μM against B. sorokiniana; IC50 = 1.6 μM against B. cinerea; IC50 = 3.7 μM against F. solani; IC50 = 5.0 μM against A. alternata.	[85]
SmAMP1.1	SGPNGQ C GPGWGG-- C RGGL CC SQYGY C GSGPKY C AH-------------	+2
	IC50 = 2.4 μM against B. cinerea; IC50 = 3.5 μM against F. solani; IC50 = 2.6 μM against A. alternata.	[85]