Figure 2.

Low-dose LPS preconditioning exerted antidepressant-like effects. (A) Experimental schema. Low-dose LPS (10 μg/kg) or saline was administered before a second injection of high-dose LPS (1 mg/kg) or saline 3 days later, and behavioral tests were performed 24 h after the second injection (n = 8). Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by measuring the total distance traveled (B,C), velocity (D), and total time spent at the center (E) in the OFT, and immobility time in the TST (F) and FST (G). The data were presented as the mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA, ns indicated no significance, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.