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. 2023 Mar 25;13(4):549. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13040549

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Low-dose LPS pretreatment decreased the secondary stimulation-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia. (A) Experimental schema. Low-dose LPS (10 ng/mL) or PBS was applied before administration of a second high dose of LPS (100 ng/mL) or PBS. The cell culture supernatant was collected to measure TNF-α (B) and IL-6 (C) protein expression using ELISA kits (n=4). mRNA expression levels of TNF-α (D), IL-1β (E), and IL-6 (F) were quantified 24 h after the second LPS stimulation in BV2 microglia (n = 3). (G,J) Experimental schema. Cells were subjected to secondary stimulation with Zym or β-glu rather than LPS. The protein expression of TNF-α (H,K) and IL-6 (I,L) was measured via ELISA 24 h after the second stimulation. The data were presented as the mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA, ns indicated no significance,** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.