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. 2023 Apr 14;12(8):1164. doi: 10.3390/cells12081164

Figure 2.

Figure 2

IL-4 stimulation of macrophages before or after infection determines the control of Salmonella infection. Unpolarised BMDM and pre-stimulated polarised BMDM (2 ng/mL IL-4 or 20 ng/mL IFNγ) were infected with S.tm for 1 h. Unpolarised cells were then stimulated (post-stimulation) with 10 ng/mL IL-4, 100 ng/mL IFNγ as indicated or left unstimulated. Differences between colony-forming units (CFU) were analysed. (a) Uptake of S.tm (Infected 30 min) and quantification of intracellular CFU in post-stimulated macrophages (Infected 4 h, 14 h, and 24 h). (b) Normalized intracellular CFU over time in post-stimulated BMDM. (c) Uptake of S.tm in pre-stimulated BMDM and killing capacity over the course of 24 h. (d) Normalized intracellular CFU over time in pre-stimulated BMDM. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test (a + c) and by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests (b + d). * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001. Representative data (mean ± SEM) from three independent experiments performed in technical triplicates or quadruplicates are shown.