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. 2023 Apr 14;12(8):1164. doi: 10.3390/cells12081164

Figure 8.

Figure 8

IL-4 stimulation of unpolarised macrophages after infection with S.tm alters L-arginine metabolic pathways with direct impact on the growth of Salmonella. Unpolarised BMDM were infected with S.tm for 1 h. Afterwards, cells were stimulated (post-stimulation) with 10 ng/mL IL-4, 100 ng/mL IFNγ or left unstimulated as indicated. (a) Concentrations of L-arginine and related metabolites determined by LC-MS/MS in 24 h post-stimulated BMDM cell lysates. (b) Growth of S.tm after 14 h in media supplemented with either 50 µM spermine, 50 µM spermidine or 50 µM putrescine. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001. Representative data (mean ± SEM) of three independent experiments with 2–4 technical replications are shown.