Table 5.
Common factors mediating brain extravasation during brain metastasis in different types of cancers.
| Step of Extravasation | Factor | Commonality | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adhesion | PI3K/AKT | Breast cancer Melanoma |
[74] [74] |
| VLA-4 (integrin α4β1) | Breast cancer Melanoma |
[28] [119] |
|
| ALCAM | Breast cancer Lung cancer |
[28] [130] |
|
| Alteration in the BBB permeability | HPSE | Melanoma Breast cancer |
[53] [108] |
| Mfsd2a | Breast cancer Lung cancer |
[54] [54] |
|
| EndMT (TGF-β dependent manner) |
Breast cancer Melanoma |
[75] [75] |
|
| Trans-endothelial migration | PI3K/AKT | Breast cancer Melanoma |
[74] [74] |