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A mechanism of the ubiquitination and deubiquitination. The substrate is ubiquitinated by the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and E3 ligase. The polyubiquitin chain is formed by successive mechanisms. A substrate with polyubiquitin chains regulates various cellular functions. Conversely, the polyubiquitin chain of the substrate is cleaved by the DUB.
