| AI | Atherosclerosis index |
| AUC | Area under the curve |
| CAT | Catalase |
| CVRI | Cardiovascular risk index |
| EGJ | Extract of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) |
| FBG | Fasting blood glucose |
| GSP | Glycosylated serum protein |
| HDL-C | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| LDL-C | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| pNPG | The p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucosidase |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| TC | Total cholesterol |
| TG | Triglyceride |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |