Figure 1.

Model of interaction between environment, gut microbiota, microbiome and host with its genome in health and disease. Diet, pre-, pro-, postbiotics, antibiotics are used, but disease can dynamically affect gut microbiota composition and microbiome asset. These changes can modulate immune system functioning in bi-directional manner. Immune system modulation can affect host metabolism in health and disease with human genome changes. These are already related to mutations occurrence, lifestyles changes, diet, and drug use.