Figure Number	Description
Figure 1a–c	Three-dimension surface response plot showing the effect of Phospholipon®90H concentration with respect to sodium deoxycholate concentration over the particle size, PDI, and % EE, respectively.
Figure 1d–f	Contour plot showing the effect of Phospholipon®90H concentration with respect to sodium deoxycholate concentration over the particle size, PDI, and % EE, respectively.
Figure 1g	Overlay plot of optimized area for batch B4 (in yellow).
Figure 2	Vesicle size and zeta potential of the optimum batch of TTFs. Batch B4 had a vesicle size of 171.4 nm ± 9.03 (a) and a zeta potential of −26.13 (b), which facilitated the cross of the stratum corneum and stability to the TFs vesicles. FE-SEM images of B4 optimized batch of Tz-loaded transferosomes suspension (TTFs) (c and d), which was spherical, well identified, unilamellar nanovesicles.
Figure 3	FTIR overlay of Tz, TTFs, and TTFsH indicated the coordination of Tz to phospholipon®90H and a sodium deoxycholate complex. (a) DSC thermogram of Tz and TTFs predicted the amorphous or partially amorphous state of Tz in TFs, which led to a high-energy state and high disorder, resulting in enhanced solubility (b).
Figure 4	In vitro permeation studies of Tz-loaded TFs in saline phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, using Franz diffusion cell with freshly shredded dorsal rat skin.
Figure 5	Cumulative % Tz release from different batches of TTFsH. The F2 batch showed the highest % Tz release and followed a Higuchi drug release mechanism. It showed an initial burst release followed by slow and sustained release of Tz.
Figure 6	Four weeks of treatment with TTFsH (low dose) resulted in significant recovery of the skin compared to the marketed formulation, as shown in decreased scratching score (a) and erythema score (b). Clinical features of SD rat skin after the topical treatment of hydrogel base, marketed formulation (Mkt. formulation), TTFsH (low dose), and TTFsH (high dose) on DNCB-induced AD (c).
Figure 7	Histopathology of (a) normal skin tissue, (b) model group (induced by DNCB), (c) tissue treated with hydrogel base, (d) tissue treated with marketed formulation, (e) tissue treated with TTFsH (low dose), and (f) tissue treated with TTFsH (high dose).