Table 1.

Comparison between KPCA, PCA, and ICA.

Method	Time Complexity	Linear/Nonlinear	Data Distribution
KPCA	O($n^3$) or O($n^2$)	Nonlinear	Non-Gaussian
PCA	O($n^3$) or O($n^2$)	Linear	Gaussian
ICA	O($n^3$)	Linear	Non-Gaussian