Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study ID | Study Design | # of GP Sites | Are All Practices OST Centres? | Sample (Participants) |
Study Period (Duration) |
Sex (M/F) | Age (years) |
Country | Main Outcome of the Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crofts et al. 1997 [34] | Retrospective cohort review | 1 | Yes | 1741 | January 1991–December 1995 (73 months) | 1010/730 | Mean 32.5 | Australia | HCV seroprevalence and effect of methadone maintenance therapy on HCV control |
| Peat et al. 2000 [35] | Retrospective cohort review | 1 | NR | 115 | October 1999–February 2000 (5 months) |
NR | NR | UK (Scotland) |
HCV prevalence and referral to specialist treatment for infection |
| Denis et al. 2000 [37] | Cross-sectional, comparative | 10 | Yes | 329 | 1995–June 1998 (NR) |
224/85 | Mean 25.9 Range 16–45 |
Belgium | HCV seroprevalence—associated risk factors and feasibility of treatment |
| Pradat et al. 2001 [38] | Cross-sectional | 271 * | NR | 11,804 | May–October 1997 (6 months) |
NR | NR | France | HCV seroprevalence |
| Budd et al. 2002 [32] | Cross-sectional | 1 | NR | 619 | January–May 2000 (5 months) |
NR | NR | UK (Scotland) |
HCV prevalence and associated risk factors |
| Cullen et al. 2003 [13] | Retrospective record review | 42 | Yes | 571 | NR (NR) |
409/162 | Mean 28 | Ireland | HCV seroprevalence and associated factors |
| Cullen 2005 [27] | Cross-sectional | 1 | Yes | 25 | 2002 (1 months and 2 weeks) |
14/11 | Mean 32 | Ireland | Awareness and experience of HCV infection, investigation, and treatment |
| Cullen et al. 2006 [28] | Cluster randomized controlled trial | 26 | Yes | 196 | NR (6 months) |
142/54 | Mean 32.5 | Ireland | HCV screening and evaluation of clinical guideline implementation and treatment outcome |
| Cullen et al. 2007 [30] | Cross-sectional | 25 | Yes | 196 | Early 2002 (NR) |
142/54 | Mean 32.2 Range 19–65 |
Ireland | HCV infection care process—testing, hepatology referral, HCV treatment, alcohol consumption |
| Jack et al. 2008 [36] | Clinical trial | 2 | Yes | 353 | February 2005–January 2008 (36 months) |
256/26 | Mean 34.7 Range 21–53 |
UK (England) |
HCV diagnosis, feasibility of antiviral treatment and outcome |
| Anderson et al. 2009 [33] | Controlled intervention | 2 |
Yes | 117 | November 2003–April 2004 (6 months) |
180/241 | NR | UK (Scotland) |
HCV screening evaluation—test offer, uptake, and diagnosis |
| Senn et al. 2009 [25] | Retrospective cohort review | 1 | Yes | 387 | January 2002–May 2008 (89 months) | 268/119 | Median 38.5 | Switzerland | Assessment of chronic HCV infection—viral load, genotypes |
| Cullen et al. 2011 [29] | Controlled intervention | 16 |
Yes | 422 | February–October 2007 (9 months) |
NR | Range 30–54 | UK (Scotland) |
HCV seroprevalence—test uptake, referral, management of PCR in intervention and control sites |
| Seidenberg et al. 2013 [16] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | Yes | 85 | January 2002–May 2008 (89 months) | 52/33 | Median 38.8 | Switzerland | HCV treatment rate and sustained virological response rates between patients with and without drug dependency |
| Datta et al. 2014 [12] | Cross-sectional | 6 | NR | 3765 | August 2012–January 2013 (6 months) | NR | NR | UK (England) |
HCV seroprevalence |
| Murtagh et al. 2018 [14] | Retrospective cohort-feasibility study | 14 | Yes | 134 | NR (NR) |
96/38 | Mean 43 Range 27–71 |
Ireland | HCV management—process and outcomes |
| Wade et al. 2019 [31] | Randomized controlled trial | 13 | Yes | 70 | November 2015–June 2018 (32 months) |
52/18 | Mean 47 | Australia and New Zealand | HCV treatment: direct-acting antiviral treatment uptake and sustained virological response |
| Heard et al. 2020 [26] | Cross-sectional qualitative | 7 | No, only 5 out of 7 | 27 | NR (NR) |
18/9 | Range 33–65 | Australia | HCV management—barriers and enablers of direct-acting antiviral treatment |
| Total | 440 | 20,956 | 2863/1580 |
* GPs (assuming different practices), OST = opioid substitution therapy, NR = not reported, M= male, F = female, # = Number.