Table 1.
Participant characteristics of endurance athletes.
| Variables | Total Sample (n = 95) |
Female (n = 47) |
Male (n = 48) |
p * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 34.9 ± 12.9 | 33.5 ± 11.0 | 36.2 ± 14.5 | 0.49 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 3.84 | 23.0 ± 2.81 | 24.2 ± 4.59 | 0.12 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 87 (91.6) | 41 (87.2) | 46 (95.8) | 0.16 |
| Other | 8 (8.4) | 6 (12.8) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 17 (16.8) | 4 (8.6) | 12 (25.0) | 0.09 |
| Non-Hispanic | 79 (83.2) | 43 (91.4) | 36 (75.0) | |
| Education | ||||
| ≤High school | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.2) | 0.51 |
| Some college | 25 (26.4) | 10 (21.3) | 15 (31.2) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 31 (32.6) | 16 (34.0) | 15 (31.3) | |
| Graduate degree | 37 (38.9) | 21 (44.7) | 16 (33.3) | |
| Endurance Sport | ||||
| Cycling | 18 (18.9) | 6 (12.8) | 12 (25.0) | 0.27 |
| Running | 47 (49.5) | 24 (51.1) | 23 (47.9) | |
| Triathlon | 23 (24.2) | 14 (29.8) | 9 (18.7) | |
| Swimming | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Rowing | 5 (5.3) | 3 (6.3) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| No | 95 (100.0) | 47 (100.0) | 48 (100.0) | |
| Alcohol Consumption | ||||
| Yes | 63 (66.3) | 34 (72.3) | 29 (60.4) | 0.28 |
| No | 32 (33.7) | 13 (27.7) | 19 (39.6) | |
| Vegetarian | ||||
| Yes | 7 (7.4) | 6 (12.8) | 1 (2.1) | 0.06 |
| No | 88 (92.6) | 41 (87.2) | 47 (97.9) | |
| Chronic Condition | ||||
| Yes | 61 (64.2) | 30 (63.8) | 31 (64.5) | 1 |
| No | 34 (35.8) | 17 (36.2) | 17 (35.4) | |
| Medication Use | ||||
| Yes | 35 (36.8) | 19 (40.4) | 16 (33.3) | 0.51 |
| No | 60 (63.2) | 28 (59.6) | 32 (66.7) | |
| Supplement Use | ||||
| Yes | 47 (49.5) | 24 (51.1) | 23 (47.9) | 0.84 |
| No | 48 (50.5) | 23 (48.9) | 25 (52.1) |
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index. Categorical variables are presented as number and percent of subjects and continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation. * Fisher’s Exact test was used to compare the categorical variables and a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test was used to compare the continuous variables between the female and male participants.