Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of studied COVID-19 patients.
| Variables | Control | Moderate | Severe | Critical | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 50 | n = 50 | n = 50 | n = 50 | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Sex | Male | 21 (28%) | 24 (32%) | 27 (54%) | 21 (28%) | 0.575 |
| Female | 29 (32.2%) | 26 (20.8%) | 23 (46%) | 29 (23.2%) | ||
| Age | Mean ± SD | 53.8 ± 12.1 | 51.7 ± 13.2 | 58.2 ± 12.4 | 52.7 ± 12 | 0.075 |
| O2 therapy | Room air | 50 (100%) | 6 (12%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (4%) | <0.001 * |
| Low or high O2 flow | 0 (0%) | 44 (88%) | 20 (40%) | 2 (4%) | ||
| CPAP | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 27 (54%) | 20 (40%) | ||
| Intubated | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 26 (52%) | ||
| CO-RADS | No | 50 (100%) | (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) | <0.001 * |
| High | 0 (0%) | 6 (12%) | 12 (24%) | 8 (16%) | ||
| Very high | 0 (0%) | 23 (46%) | 29 (58%) | 29 (58%) | ||
| PCR | 0 (0%) | 21 (42%) | 9 (18%) | 10 (20%) | ||
| Progress | Improved | 30 (60%) | 23 (46%) | 2 (4%) | <0.001 * | |
| Died soon after admission | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (36%) | |||
| Developed AKI, then improved | 17 (34%) | 12 (24%) | 4 (8%) | |||
| Developed AKI and deteriorated | 3 (6%) | 9 (18%) | 4 (8%) | |||
| Developed AKI and died | 0 (0%) | 6 (12%) | 22 (44%) | |||
| Stage of AKI | No evidence of AKI | 30 (60%) | 32 (46%) | 20 (40%) | 0.007 * | |
| Stage 1 | 14 (28%) | 9 (18%) | 6 (12%) | |||
| Stage 2 | 6 (12%) | 12 (24%) | 15 (30%) | |||
| Stage 3 | 0 (0%) | 6 (12%) | 9 (18%) | |||
Data were presented as frequency and percentage; one-way ANOVA and the chi-square were used to calculate the p-values. * Significant at p < 0.05. AKI: acute kidney injury, CO-RADS: corona radiology score, CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure, PCR: polymerase chain reaction.