Table 2.
Clinical factors distinguishing patients with and without seizure control for at least one year.
| Seizure Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Seizure-Free n = 24 (%) |
Ongoing Seizures n = 25 (%) |
p-Value | |
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 27.3 ± 7.4 | 27.9 ± 10.2 | 0.849 a |
| Gender, Female | 14 (58.3) | 11 (44.0) | 0.396 b |
| Family history of epilepsy | 4 (16. 7) | 3 (12.0) | 0.702 b |
| History of febrile seizure | 1 (4.2) | 5 (20.0) | 0.189 b |
| Age of first seizures, y, mean ± SD | 14.8 ± 3.0 | 13.7 ± 3.2 | 0.437 a |
| Seizure duration, y, mean ± SD | 12.5 ± 7.2 | 14.2 ± 11.2. | 0.528 a |
| Age of diagnosis of epilepsy, y, mean ± SD | 16.3 ± 4.4 | 16.1 ± 6.3 | 0.825 a |
| Age of diagnosis of JME, y, mean ± SD | 19.6 ± 6.5 | 22.6 ± 10.3 | 0.458 a |
| Year of delayed diagnosis of JME, y, mean ± SD | 4.8 ± 5.0 | 8.8 ± 11.5 | 0.567 a |
| Duration of follow up, y, mean ± SD | 11.0 ± 7.9 | 11.8 ± 10.6 | 0.896 a |
| Seizure types | |||
| Myoclonic seizures only | 4 (16.7) | 2 (8.0) | 0.417 b |
| Myoclonic + absence seizures | 0 | 2 (8.0) | 0.490 b |
| Myoclonic seizures + GTCS | 15 (62.5) | 10 (40.0) | 0.156 b |
| Myoclonic + absence seizures + GTCS | 5 (20.8) | 11 (44.0) | 0.128 b |
| First clinical manifestation | |||
| Myoclonic seizure | 10 (41.7) | 8 (32.0) | 0.551 b |
| GTCS | 13 (54.2) | 13 (52.0) | 1.000 b |
| Absence seizure | 1 (4.2) | 4 (16.0) | 0.349 b |
| Timing of seizures | |||
| Awake only | 13 (54.2) | 9 (36.0) | 0.256 b |
| Sleep only | 3 (12.5) | 11 (44.0) | 0.025 b * |
| Both awake and sleep | 8 (33.3) | 5 (20.0) | 0.345 b |
| Seizure precipitant factors | |||
| Sleep deprivation | 4 (16.7) | 6 (24.0) | 0.725 b |
| Flicking light | 6 (25.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.138 b |
| Sound sensitive | 0 (0) | 3 (12.0) | 0.235 b |
| Stress | 3 (12.5) | 4 (16.0) | 1.000 b |
| Fatigue | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0.235 b |
| Common cold | 0 (0) | 2 (8.0) | 1.000 b |
| Alcohol intake | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 b |
| Exercise | 0 (0) | 1 (4.0) | 1.000b |
| EEG features | |||
| Focal EEG discharges | 2 (8.3) | 2 (8.0) | 1.000 b |
| Epileptiform discharges in the last EEG | 10 (41.7) | 20 (80.0) | 0.009 b * |
JME, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; GTCS, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; EEG, electroencephalogram. a Mann–Whitney U test, b Fisher’s exact test. * The presence of seizures during sleep and epileptiform discharges on the last EEG were significantly associated with ongoing seizures.