Table 1.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) considered as a priority by the US Environmental Protection Agency and their IARC classification.
| Substance | Genotoxicity | IARC Classification |
Aromatic Rings | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naphthalene | Positive | 2B | 2 |
|
| Acenaphthene | Questionable | Not evaluated | 3 |
|
| Acenaphthylene | Questionable | Not evaluated | 3 |
|
| Anthracene | Negative | 3 | 3 |
|
| Phenanthrene | Questionable | 3 | 3 |
|
| Fluoranthene | Positive | 3 | 4 |
|
| Fluorene | Negative | 3 | 3 |
|
| Pyrene | Questionable | 3 | 4 |
|
| Benzo(a)anthracene | Positive | 2B | 4 |
|
| Crysene | Positive | 2B | 4 |
|
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | Positive | 2B | 5 |
|
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | Positive | 2B | 5 |
|
| Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | Positive | 2A | 5 |
|
| Benzo(a)pyrene | Positive | 1 | 5 |
|
| Indene(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | Positive | 2B | 6 |
|
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | Positive | 3 | 6 |
|
Source: Park and Penning (2009) [105]; reproduced with permission from John Wiley & Sons, title Process-Induced Food Toxicants: Occurrence, Formation, Mitigation, and Health Risks.