Figure 1.

Immunogenic cell death elicited by IR. ICD induced by IR is marked by the release of DAMPs (HMGB1, double-stranded DNA and RNA, HSP70, ATP and calreticulin (CRT)), Type I IFN (IFN-α and IFN-β) through cGAS-STING signaling and other cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6) and chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5) through STING-induced NF-κB activation. Broken lines indicate movement and continuous lines represent the production of the given target.