Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Socioeconomic Characteristics of patients with or without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
| Demographic Characteristics | Whole Sample (n = 142) | No PTSD (n = 108) | PTSD (n = 34) | p-Value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63 ± 9 | 64 ± 9 | 62 ± 10 | 0.242 | |
| Age, n (%) | <50 years | 10 (7%) | 7 (6.5%) | 3 (8.8%) | 0.871 |
| 50–60 years | 37 (26.1%) | 29 (26.9%) | 8 (23.5%) | ||
| 60–70 years | 61 (43%) | 45 (41.7%) | 16 (47.1%) | ||
| >70 years | 34 (23.9) | 27 (25%) | 7 (20.6%) | ||
| Sex. Male, n (%) | 117 (82.4) | 94 (87) | 23 (67.6) | 0.009 | |
| Female, n (%) | 25 (17.6) | 14 (13%) | 11 (32.4) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| No preexisting comorbidities, n (%) | 64 (45.1) | 53 (49.1) | 11 (32.4) | 0.011 | |
| One or two comorbidities, n (%) | 64 (45.1) | 49 (45.4) | 15 (44.1) | ||
| More than two comorbidities, n (%) | 14 (9.8) | 6 (5.6) | 8 (23.5) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 [26–31] | 28 [25–31] | 28 [26–31] | 0.624 | |
| Tracheal intubation, days (%) | 103 (72.5) | 82 (75.9) | 21 (61.8) | 0.125 | |
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 44 (30.8) | 34 (31.5) | 10 (29.4) | >0.999 | |
| P/F ratio on ICU admission | 158 [108–207] | 163 [112–212] | 138 [106–173] | 0.163 | |
| Pronation, n (%) | 89 (63.6) | 67 (62.6) | 22 (66.7) | 0.836 | |
| Steroids, n (%) | 98 (69.5) | 72 (66.7) | 26 (78.8) | 0.204 | |
| ICU LOS, days | 18 [10–29] | 19 [11–31] | 17 [8–23] | 0.285 | |
| Hospital LOS, days | 34 [24–47] | 36 [25–47] | 33 [22–46] | 0.378 | |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | |||||
| Marital status | |||||
| Celibate/maiden, n (%) | 17 (12) | 13 (12.5) | 4 (11.8) | 0.856 | |
| Married, n (%) | 106 (75) | 77 (74) | 25 (73.5) | ||
| Cohabitant, n (%) | 7 (5) | 5 (4.8) | 2 (5.9) | ||
| Divorced, n (%) | 2 (1) | 2 (1.9) | 0 | ||
| Separated, n (%) | 4 (3) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (5.9) | ||
| Widow, n (%) | 6(4) | 5 (4.8) | 1 (2.9) | ||
| Family unit composition | |||||
| Single, n (%) | 18 (12.3) | 13 (12) | 5 (14.7) | 0.768 | |
| More than 2 people, n (%) | 124 (87.7) | 95 (88) | 29 (85.3) | ||
| Population of the municipality of residence | |||||
| <15,000, n (%) | 97 (68.3) | 71 (65.7) | 26 (76.5) | 0.434 | |
| 15–50,000, n (%) | 12 (8.5) | 9 (8.3) | 3 (8.8) | ||
| >100,000, n (%) | 33 (23.21) | 28 (25.9) | 5 (14.7) | ||
| Employment status | |||||
| Active worker | 51 (35.9%) | 39 (36.1%) | 12 (35.3%) | >0.999 | |
| Retired/unemployed/not working | 91 (64.1%) | 69 (63.9%) | 22 (64.7%) | ||
| Monthly Income (EUR) | |||||
| <1500 | 68 (48.6%) | 47 (43.9%) | 21 (63.6%) | 0.072 | |
| >1500 | 72 (51.4%) | 60 (56.1%) | 12 (36.4%) | ||
| Education | |||||
| ISCED 0–2 | 61 (43%) | 51 (47.2%) | 10 (29.4%) | 0.076 | |
| ISCED > 2 | 51 (57%) | 57 (52.8%) | 24 (70.6) | ||
| Socio-relational impact | |||||
| Need for assistance in daily life | 28 (20%) | 23 (21.7%) | 5 (14.7%) | 0.465 | |
| Worsening of social life after hospital discharge | 37 (26.4%) | 24 (22.6%) | 13 (38.2%) | 0.079 | |
Note: Data are shown as median (interquartile range), n (%), or mean ± SD. Abbreviations: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; BMI, body mass index; P/F ratio, ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 in mmHg) to fractional inspired oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; ISCED, International Standard Classification of Education; ISCED 0, early childhood education (“less than primary” for educational attainment); ISCED 1, primary education; ISCED 2, lower secondary education; ISCED 3, upper secondary education; ISCED 4, post-secondary non-tertiary education; ISCED 5, short-cycle tertiary education; ISCED 6, bachelor’s or equivalent level; ISCED 7, master’s or equivalent level; ISCED 8, doctoral or equivalent level. a Comparison between patients with PTSD and without PTSD.