Figure 2.

Central and peripheral clocks alignment. The illustration shows the central clock in SCN, responsive to light input, and peripheral clocks, activated by meal timing, both in synchrony. On the right side are some examples of the peripheral CGs outputs, i.e., the hepatic glucose production; ghrelin secretion in the stomach; b-cell insulin secretion; the intestinal K-cell secretion of GIP and L-cell secretion of GLP-1 and GLP-2; leptin and adiponectin in adipose tissue; GLUT4 driven muscle glucose uptake; and the muscle protein breakdown/synthesis.