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. 2023 Apr 27;17(4):e0011220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011220

Fig 1. Phenotypic and phylogenetic traits of Paracoccidioides species.

Fig 1

The figure shows the phenotypic (left) and molecular (right) traits of Paracoccidioides species. The phenotypic (microscopy, clinical features, culture, and experimental infection) shows several contrasting differences and few similarities between the cultivable and uncultivable Paracoccidioides species. The molecular section depicts an unrooted phylogenetic tree of several Paracoccidioides species including P. ceti from dolphins, P. lobogeorgii, and 2 dimorphic Onygenales. The tree shows the homologous DNA sequences of the Gp43 partial coding gene in Maximum Likelihood (A) and STRUCTURE (B) analyses. With the addition of P. ceti to the complex, P. lobogeorgii clustered in a monophyletic group sister to P. lutzii, whereas P. ceti formed a monophyletic cluster sister to the cultivable Paracoccidioides species (A). Population genetics analysis using STRUCTURE 5.2.1 (A) [26] recognized 5 populations within the complex (displayed with color bars), supporting the phylogenetic placement of the uncultivable pathogens of human and dolphins within the cultivable Paracoccidioides species causing systemic infections.