Table.
Participant characteristics in the first five SARS-CoV-2 pandemic waves in England
| Wave one (n=18 895 870) | Wave two (n=19 014 720) | Wave three (n=18 932 050) | Wave four (n=19 097 970) | Wave five (n=19 226 475) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||
| 18–39 | 6 725 965 (35·6%) | 6 742 875 (35·5%) | 6 665 485 (35·2%) | 6 711 790 (35·1%) | 6 793 445 (35·3%) |
| 40–49 | 3 076 590 (16·3%) | 3 076 590 (16·3%) | 3 076 590 (16·3%) | 3 087 230 (16·2%) | 3 087 230 (16·2%) |
| 50–59 | 3 270 775 (17·3%) | 3 270 775 (17·3%) | 3 297 225 (17·4%) | 3 320 805 (17·4%) | 3 316 370 (17·2%) |
| 60–69 | 2 555 985 (13·5%) | 2 585 615 (13·6%) | 2 606 015 (13·8%) | 2 642 395 (13·8%) | 2 674 170 (13·9%) |
| 70–79 | 2 064 500 (10·9%) | 2 091 885 (11%) | 2 110 905 (11·1%) | 2 131 140 (11·2%) | 2 144 025 (11·2%) |
| ≥80 | 1 202 055 (6·4%) | 1 208 840 (6·4%) | 1 192 170 (6·3%) | 1 204 610 (6·3%) | 1 211 820 (6·3%) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 9 496 635 (50·3%) | 9 548 245 (50·2%) | 9 515 160 (50·3%) | 9 563 885 (50·1%) | 9 623 880 (50·1%) |
| Male | 9 399 235 (49·7%) | 9 466 475 (49·8%) | 9 416 890 (49·7%) | 9 534 085 (49·9%) | 9 602 595 (49·9%) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 15 058 520 (79·7%) | 15 108 180 (79·5%) | 14 989 530 (79·2%) | 15 047 885 (78·8%) | 15 046 150 (78·3%) |
| Mixed | 227 745 (1·2%) | 232 780 (1·2%) | 236 810 (1·3%) | 243 975 (1·3%) | 251 780 (1·3%) |
| South Asian | 1 244 045 (6·6%) | 1 269 475 (6·7%) | 1 287 085 (6·8%) | 1 321 685 (6·9%) | 1 365 515 (7·1%) |
| Black | 422 975 (2·2%) | 431 055 (2·3%) | 437 195 (2·3%) | 447 510 (2·3%) | 463 075 (2·4%) |
| Other | 432 545 (2·3%) | 439 345 (2·3%) | 445 390 (2·4%) | 463 590 (2·4%) | 488 015 (2·5%) |
| Unknown | 1 510 040 (8·0%) | 1 533 890 (8·1%) | 1 536 035 (8·1%) | 1 573 330 (8·2%) | 1 611 940 (8·4%) |
| Region | |||||
| North East | 899 915 (4·8%) | 903 135 (4·7%) | 897 645 (4·7%) | 901 265 (4·7%) | 906 215 (4·7%) |
| North West | 1 648 900 (8·7%) | 1 653 580 (8·7%) | 1 647 735 (8·7%) | 1 655 970 (8·7%) | 1 664 080 (8·7%) |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 2 668 670 (14·1%) | 2 689 445 (14·1%) | 2 681 755 (14·2%) | 2 697 500 (14·1%) | 2 718 855 (14·1%) |
| East Midlands | 3 296 615 (17·4%) | 3 311 015 (17·4%) | 3 290 915 (17·4%) | 3 314 045 (17·4%) | 3 346 630 (17·4%) |
| West Midlands | 763 055 (4·0%) | 767 420 (4·0%) | 759 560 (4·0%) | 761 300 (4·0%) | 762 285 (4·0%) |
| East of England | 4 367 135 (23·1%) | 4 400 625 (23·1%) | 4 376 130 (23·1%) | 4 400 165 (23·0%) | 4 395 375 (22·9%) |
| London | 1 315 950 (7·0%) | 1 335 490 (7·0%) | 1 336 580 (7·1%) | 1 395 025 (7·3%) | 1 431 910 (7·4%) |
| South East | 1 270 625 (6·7%) | 1 275 550 (6·7%) | 1 267 320 (6·7%) | 1 275 820 (6·7%) | 1 285 665 (6·7%) |
| South West | 2 665 005 (14·1%) | 2 678 460 (14·1%) | 2 674 410 (14·1%) | 2 696 880 (14·1%) | 2 715 455 (14·1%) |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile | |||||
| 5 (least deprived) | 3 548 820 (18·8%) | 3 570 255 (18·8%) | 3 555 735 (18·8%) | 3 577 560 (18·7%) | 3 602 985 (18·7%) |
| 4 | 3 908 825 (20·7%) | 3 932 355 (20·7%) | 3 918 315 (20·7%) | 3 957 260 (20·7%) | 3 984 360 (20·7%) |
| 3 | 4 028 240 (21·3%) | 4 049 630 (21·3%) | 4 031 870 (21·3%) | 4 071 765 (21·3%) | 4 099 655 (21·3%) |
| 2 | 3 758 275 (19·9%) | 3 782 190 (19·9%) | 3 764 715 (19·9%) | 3 802 715 (19·9%) | 3 836 800 (20·0%) |
| 1 (most deprived) | 3 651 710 (19·3%) | 3 680 290 (19·4%) | 3 661 410 (19·3%) | 3 688 670 (19·3%) | 3 702 670 (19·3%) |
| BMI | |||||
| No obesity | 14 769 835 (78·2%) | 14 929 790 (78·5%) | 14 971 695 (79·1%) | 15 214 405 (79·7%) | 15 439 985 (80·3%) |
| Obesity class I (30·0–34·9 kg/m2) | 2 480 740 (13·1%) | 2 451 220 (12·9%) | 2 367 555 (12·5%) | 2 316 960 (12·1%) | 2 253 460 (11·7%) |
| Obesity class II (35·0–39·9 kg/m2) | 1 008 565 (5·3%) | 1 000 385 (5·3%) | 973 600 (5·1%) | 956 220 (5·0%) | 934 105 (4·9%) |
| Obesity class III (≥40·0 kg/m2) | 636 730 (3·4%) | 633 325 (3·3%) | 619 200 (3·3%) | 610 390 (3·2%) | 598 925 (3·1%) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never or unknown | 9 490 920 (50·2%) | 9 595 080 (50·5%) | 9 587 155 (50·6%) | 9 709 585 (50·8%) | 9 848 195 (51·2%) |
| Previous smoking | 6 184 190 (32·7%) | 6 208 280 (32·6%) | 6 210 865 (32·8%) | 6 263 090 (32·8%) | 6 299 560 (32·8%) |
| Current smoking | 3 220 760 (17%) | 3 211 360 (16·9%) | 3 134 030 (16·6%) | 3 125 295 (16·4%) | 3 078 720 (16%) |
| Asthma | |||||
| No asthma | 15 814 235 (83·7%) | 15 912 575 (83·7%) | 15 846 620 (83·7%) | 16 006 850 (83·8%) | 16 131 825 (83·9%) |
| Asthma with no oral steroid use | 2 757 105 (14·6%) | 2 806 845 (14·8%) | 2 889 425 (15·3%) | 2 840 335 (14·9%) | 2 806 590 (14·6%) |
| Asthma with oral steroid use | 324 530 (1·7%) | 295 300 (1·6%) | 196 000 (1·0%) | 250 785 (1·3%) | 288 060 (1·5%) |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No diabetes | 16 987 330 (89·9%) | 17 091 580 (89·9%) | 16 935 210 (89·5%) | 17 028 460 (89·2%) | 17 074 535 (88·8%) |
| Controlled diabetes | 1 617 210 (8·6%) | 1 536 745 (8·1%) | 1 523 125 (8·0%) | 1 682 005 (8·8%) | 1 797 890 (9·4%) |
| Diabetes not controlled | 80 390 (0·4%) | 76 995 (0·4%) | 75 170 (0·4%) | 72 350 (0·4%) | 70 985 (0·4%) |
| No recent HbA1c measure | 210 940 (1·1%) | 309 400 (1·6%) | 398 540 (2·1%) | 315 155 (1·7%) | 283 065 (1·5%) |
| CKD or RRT | |||||
| None | 17 870 605 (94·6%) | 18 010 570 (94·7%) | 17 925 880 (94·7%) | 18 083 705 (94·7%) | 18 200 150 (94·7%) |
| CKD stage 3a | 680 330 (3·6%) | 665 920 (3·5%) | 667 050 (3·5%) | 670 045 (3·5%) | 680 175 (3·5%) |
| CKD stage 3b | 251 460 (1·3%) | 245 825 (1·3%) | 246 490 (1·3%) | 249 595 (1·3%) | 250 295 (1·3%) |
| CKD stage 4 | 60 595 (0·3%) | 59 490 (0·3%) | 59 510 (0·3%) | 61 195 (0·3%) | 61 990 (0·3%) |
| CKD stage 5 | 6615 (<0·1%) | 6600 (<0·1%) | 6660 (<0·1%) | 6840 (<0·1%) | 7165 (<0·1%) |
| RRT (dialysis) | 13 645 (0·1%) | 13 735 (0·1%) | 13 875 (0·1%) | 14 050 (0·1%) | 14 140 (0·1%) |
| RRT (transplant) | 12 615 (0·1%) | 12 580 (0·1%) | 12 585 (0·1%) | 12 540 (0·1%) | 12 560 (0·1%) |
| Organ transplant | |||||
| No transplant | 18 875 550 (99·9%) | 18 994 325 (99·9%) | 18 911 585 (99·9%) | 19 077 500 (99·9%) | 19 205 935 (99·9%) |
| Kidney transplant | 15 005 (0·1%) | 15 055 (0·1%) | 15 105 (0·1%) | 15 090 (0·1%) | 15 140 (0·1%) |
| Other organ transplant | 5315 (<0·1%) | 5345 (<0·1%) | 5360 (<0·1%) | 5380 (<0·1%) | 5400 (<0·1%) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 6 369 885 (33·7%) | 6 347 260 (33·4%) | 6 341 955 (33·5%) | 6 350 220 (33·3%) | 6 377 980 (33·2%) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 755 655 (4·0%) | 747 180 (3·9%) | 742 030 (3·9%) | 742 950 (3·9%) | 743 560 (3·9%) |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 1 251 760 (6·6%) | 1 246 395 (6·6%) | 1 245 520 (6·6%) | 1 253 705 (6·6%) | 1 260 525 (6·6%) |
| Cancer (non-haematological) | 923 890 (4·9%) | 924 990 (4·9%) | 936 405 (4·9%) | 950 925 (5·0%) | 963 080 (5·0%) |
| Haematological malignancy | 108 355 (0·6%) | 108 935 (0·6%) | 110 125 (0·6%) | 111 510 (0·6%) | 112 435 (0·6%) |
| Chronic liver disease | 110 095 (0·6%) | 111 515 (0·6%) | 114 775 (0·6%) | 118 085 (0·6%) | 120 795 (0·6%) |
| Stroke | 396 830 (2·1%) | 395 445 (2·1%) | 397 485 (2·1%) | 403 730 (2·1%) | 409 110 (2·1%) |
| Dementia | 47 085 (0·2%) | 43 090 (0·2%) | 40 995 (0·2%) | 40 530 (0·2%) | 39 485 (0·2%) |
| Other neurological disease | 186 335 (1·0%) | 184 530 (1·0%) | 183 535 (1·0%) | 184 715 (1·0%) | 185 405 (1·0%) |
| Asplenia | 30 255 (0·2%) | 30 235 (0·2%) | 30 090 (0·2%) | 30 190 (0·2%) | 30 380 (0·2%) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or psoriasis | 949 935 (5·0%) | 952 865 (5·0%) | 953 495 (5·0%) | 958 965 (5·0%) | 964 710 (5·0%) |
| Immunosuppressive condition | 234 890 (1·2%) | 237 140 (1·2%) | 241 915 (1·3%) | 249 740 (1·3%) | 256 495 (1·3%) |
| Learning disability | 106 710 (0·6%) | 108 145 (0·6%) | 111 890 (0·6%) | 113 950 (0·6%) | 115 850 (0·6%) |
| Severe mental illness | 224 545 (1·2%) | 226 300 (1·2%) | 229 040 (1·2%) | 231 275 (1·2%) | 232 270 (1·2%) |
Data are n (%). All counts were rounded to the nearest five and might therefore not sum to the total; percentages were rounded to the first decimal place. CKD=chronic kidney disease. RRT=renal replacement therapy.