Table 4.
The concentration of aluminium in the tissues of patients with particular neurological diseases.
| Disease | Tissue | Level/Concentration in Tissue of the Patients | Level/Concentration in Tissue of Control Group | Additional Information | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | hippocampus | 0.000357 mg/g | 0.00009 mg/g | The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with AD and the control group were statistically significant. | [63] |
| AD | the temporal lobe of the brain | 0.0019–0.0168 mg/g | 0.00016–0.0018 mg/g | The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with AD and the control group were statistically significant. | [64] |
| ASD | occipital lobe; frontal lobe; temporal lobe; parietal lobe; |
0.00382 mg/g; 0.00230 μg/g; 0.00279 mg/g; 0.00382 mg/g; |
N/A | - | [76] |
| ASD | the temporal lobe of the brain | 0.0009–0.0016 mg/g | 0.00016–0.0018 mg/g | The authors found no association between ASD and Al concentration in temporal gyri. | [64] |
| AUD | total brain content; thalamus; inferior longitudinal fasciculus; insula; superior longitudinal fasciculus; |
0.00159 mg/g; 0.00405 mg/g; 0.00348 mg/g; 0.00241 mg/g; 0.00108 mg/g; |
All control samples displayed Al content below detection limits. | In this research, authors also showed that the Al levels in the liver displayed no significant difference between AUD and control subjects. | [77] |
| MS | brain | 0.0012 mg/g | 0.0006 mg/g | The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with MS and the control group were statistically significant. | [78] |
| MS | scalp hair samples | 0.00376 mg/g | 0.00449 mg/g | The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with MS and the control group were statistically significant. | [79] |
| MS | urine | 7.51 μM | 0.35 μM | The differences in the level of Al between patients with MS and the control group were statistically significant. | [80] |
| DE | brain | 0.00159 mg/g | 0.0044 mg/g; 0.0027 mg/g; |
Mean brain concentrations of Al were 0,00159 mg/g, 0,0044 mg/g, and 0,0027 mg/g among patients dying from dialysis encephalopathy, among the dialyzed control group, and among uraemic patients who were not dialyzed, respectively. The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with DE and the control groups were statistically significant. |
[81] |
| DE | muscle | 14.8 ppm | 1.2 ppm | The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with DE and the control group were statistically significant. | [82] |
| DE | trabecular-bone | 98.5 ppm | 2.4 ppm | The differences in the concentration of Al between patients with DE and the control group were statistically significant. | [82] |
| DE | brain grey-matter | 25 ppm 6.5 ppm |
2.2 ppm | Mean brain concentrations of Al were 25 ppm, 6.5 ppm, and 2.2 ppm among uremic patients on dialysis who died of a neurologic syndrome of unknown cause, among uremic patients on dialysis who died of other causes, and among control subjects, respectively. Mean brain concentrations of Al were significantly higher in both uraemic groups as compared to controls. |
[82] |
Abbreviations: ASD—Autism spectrum disorder; AUD—Alcohol use disorder; DE—Dialisys encephalopathy; MS—Multiple sclerosis.