Table 3.
Some bioactive compounds and the pathways involved in their mechanism of action.
| Substances | Natural Source | Pathways Involved | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apigenin | Parsley | Nrf2 | [103] |
| Baicalein | Roots Of Scutellaria Baicalensis | Nf-Kb/DJ-1 | [103,104,105] |
| Luteolin | Parsley, Radicchio, Celery | Nrf2 | [103,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115] |
| Quercetin | Many Fruits, Vegetables, Leaves, Seeds, And Grains; Capers, Red Onions | MAPK/AKT/PI3K ERK/CREB | [103,116,117] |
| Isoquercetin | Mangifera Indica | MAPK/AKT | [103] |
| Rutin | Citrus | PI3K/Erβ | [103,118] |
| Kaempferol | Kale, Beans, Tea, Spinach, And Broccoli | DJ-1 | [103] |
| Naringin | Citrus Fruits, Especially In Grapefruit | Nrf2/ARE | [103] |
| Naringenin | Grapefruit | Nrf2/ARE | [103] |
| Hesperidin | Lemons And Sweet Oranges | GSH/Bcl-2 | [103] |
| Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate | Green Tea | PKC/MAPK/PI3K Akt MEK/ERK1/2 |
[119] |
| Daidzein | Legumes, Especially In Soybeans | Bcl-2 | [103] |
| Genistein | Many Other Vegetables, Fruits, Nuts, Peas, Lentils, And Seeds | Bcl-2 | [103] |
| Quercetin | Parsley, Citrus | MAPK/AKT/PI3K ERK/CREB | [120] |
| Flavanone | Orange | Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt | [121] |
| Cyanidin | Red Berries Including Grapes, Bilberry, Blackberry | JNK/BDNF | [122] |
| Galantamine | Bulbs Of Galanthus Nivalis | Cholinesterase Inhibitor | [123] |
| Resveratrol | Skin Of Grapes, Blueberries, Raspberries, Mulberries, And Peanuts | SIRT1/PGC-1/PI3K/Akt | [117,123,124,125,126,127,128,129] |
| Caffeic Acid | Honeybee Hives | Counteracted Aggregation | [130] |
| Chlorogenic Acid | Coffee And Black Tea | Protected Against NO Effects | [130] |
| Gallic Acid | Gallnuts, Sumac, Witch Hazel, Tea Leaves, Oak Bark | CAT/GSH/SOD | [130] |