Table 2.
Effect of mixtures of various bacterial species on zonulin levels based on literary data of randomized, interventional human clinical studies. Species separated by dashed lines indicate the elements of a multi-component treatment.
| Species | Strain | Treatment and Population | Findings | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Zonulin | Fecal Zonulin |
||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum | CGMCC no.1258 | pre- and postoperative probiotic treatment of patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma | ↓ | NE | [76] |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | 11 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium longum | 88 | ||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum | CGMCC no.1258 | pre- and postoperative probiotic treatment of patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma and liver metastasis | ↓ | NE | [77] |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | 11 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium longum | 88 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium animalis | lactis 420 | probiotic and fiber treatment of healthy overweight volunteers | ↓ | NE | [78] |
| SCM-III synbiotic mixture: | synbiotic treatment of healthy stressed individuals | ↓ | ↓ | [79] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | 145 | ||||
| Lactobacillus helveticus | ATC15009 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium | 420 | probiotic treatment of healthy stressed individuals | - | ↓ | |
| P3T/J probiotic mixture: | |||||
| Bifidobacterium animalis | lactis Bi1 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium breve | Bbr8 | synbiotic and probiotic treatment of healthy stressed individuals | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | LA1 | ||||
| Lactobacillus paracasei | 101/37 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium lactis | W51 | dietary changes and probiotic treatment in obese patients | NE | ↓ | [80] |
| W52 | |||||
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | W22 | ||||
| Lactobacillus paracasei | W20 | ||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum | W21 | ||||
| Lactobacillus salivarius | W24 | ||||
| Lactococcus lactis | W19 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium bifidum | W23 | impact of exercise in trained men treated with probiotics | NE | ↓ | [81] |
| Bifidobacterium lactis | W51 | ||||
| Enterococcus faecium | W54 | ||||
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | W22 | ||||
| Lactobacillus brevis | W63 | ||||
| Lactococcus lactis | W58 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium bifidum | W23 | synbiotic treatment of healthy volunteers | - | NE | [82] |
| Bifidobacterium lactis | W51 | ||||
| W52 | |||||
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | W22 | ||||
| Lactobacillus casei | W56 | ||||
| Lactobacillus paracasei | W20 | ||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum | W62 | ||||
| Lactobacillus salivarius | W24 | ||||
| Lactococcus lactis | W19 | ||||
| Bifidobacterium lactis | synbiotic treatment of children with NAFLD | - | NE | [83] | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | |||||
| Lactobacillus casei | |||||
| Bifidobacterium bifidum | W23 | probiotic treatment of migraine patients | - | - | [84] |
| Bifidobacterium lactis | W52 | ||||
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | W37 | ||||
| Lactobacillus brevis | W63 | ||||
| Lactobacillus casei | W56 | probiotic treatment of ulcerative colitis patients | ↓ | - | [85] |
| Lactobacillus salivarius | W24 | ||||
| Lactococcus lactis | W19 | ||||
| W58 | |||||
| Bacillus subtilis | DE111 | probiotic treatment of professional baseball players | - | NE | [86] |
Abbreviations: NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NE: not examined; Ref.: reference; ↓: decreased level; -: no effect.