Sustained hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia increase cell proliferation in vitro. (a) Proliferation, expressed as a % of normoxia values, of viable HepG2 cells quantified by MTT staining after 5 days of normoxia, intermittent hypoxia or sustained hypoxia exposure; n = 3 independent experiments/group (at least 18 wells/group). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 on D5 for IH cells compared with normoxia cells, and p < 0.05 for SH cells compared with N cells, Mann–Whitney U test. (b) Migration, expressed as a % of normoxia values, of HepG2 cells after 2 days of normoxia, intermittent hypoxia or sustained hypoxia exposure; n = 3 independent experiment/group (6 wells/group: 2 transwells/experiments). Mann–Whitney U test.