Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Apr 27;14:2435. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38180-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 7 — LHb D-neurons project to RMTg GABAergic neurons and are activated by acute stress. Acute stress evokes trace amine release from LHb D-neurons to RMTg GABAergic neurons, leading to neuronal inactivation via TAAR1-mediated trace aminergic signalling. As the effect of trace amines overrides the excitatory glutamatergic transmission, LHb D-neurons act as the negative regulator of RMTg GABAergic neurons. This action ultimately activates VTA dopaminergic neurons to promote dopamine secretion into the NAc. In a depressed brain induced by chronic stress, the weakened trace aminergic signalling suppresses the activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons.