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. 2023 Apr 14;14:1114586. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114586

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Copyright © 2023 Wang, Xia, Zhou, Zhan, Dai, Zhang, Zhang, Shu, Li and Xu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Glucocorticoids aid in reestablishing a healthy gut microbiome in patients with PV. (A, B) The α-diversity and β-diversity of the gut microbiome in the pre-treatment and post-treatment groups; (C) After one month of glucocorticoid therapy, Escherichia coli decreased in relative abundance in the responder group and increased in the non-responder group (* represents statistical significance with the P value <0.05 using paired t-test); (D) The relative abundance of probiotics (Eubacterium ventriosum) reduced in the PV group increased after treatment with glucocorticoids (*represents statistical significance with the P value <0.05 using paired t-test). PV, pemphigus vulgaris; PCoA, principal coordinates analysis.