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. 2023 Apr 14;14:1158200. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158200

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The effects of short chain fatty acids on metabolic homeostasis. SCFAs are produced by gut microbiota fermenting soluble dietary fiber in colon. Most SCFAs are absorbed by colonocytes via MCT-1 and SMCT-1, while small part of SCFAs pass directly through the intestinal barrier by passive diffusion. SCFAs transported to various organs of the whole body exert different functions mainly by binding with GPCRs on cells. By coordinating various organs and systems, SCFAs regulate energy balance and maintain metabolic homeostasis. SCFAs, short chain fatty acids; MCT-1, monocarboxylate transporter 1; SMCT-1, sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; PYY, peptide tyrosine tyrosine; pAMPK, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; GLUT-4, glucose transporter-4; FA, fatty acids.