AcK	acetate thiokinase
ACC	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
ACSS2	acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
AhR	aryl hydrocarbon receptor
α-KG	α-ketoglutarate
AFLD	alcoholic fatty liver disease
AKT	the protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ARE	antioxidant response element
BIRC5	baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5
BMI-1	B cell-specific MLV integration site-1
CAR	chimeric antigen receptor
CRC	colorectal cancer
CSE1L	chromosome segregation 1-like
CTLA-4	cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4
CTLs	cytotoxic T lymphocytes
DAB2	disabled homolog 2
EHMT2	euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2
EIF4G2	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2
EMT	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
EP4	E-prostanoid receptor 4
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
FFAR	fatty acid receptor
FMT	fecal microbiota transplantation
FOXP3	Forkhead box P3
5-FU	5-Fluorouracil
G6PD	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GLUT1	glucose transporter type 1
gp130	glycoprotein 130
GPCRs	G protein-coupled receptors
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
HBV	hepatitis B virus
HBx	hepatitis B x antigen
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HCP1	heme carrier protein 1
HDACs	histone deacetylases
HECTD2	HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2
HIF	hypoxia inducible factor
HRE	hypoxia-response element
ICIs	immune checkpoint inhibitors
ID2	inhibitor of DNA binding 2
IDH1	isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
IFN-γ	interferon-γ
IL	interleukin
ITIM	immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif
JAK2	janus kinase-2
KEAP1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LHX1	LIM homeobox 1
LKB1	liver kinase B1
mAb	monoclonal antibody
MCT1	monocarboxylic transporter 1
MICA/B	major histocompatibility complex-class I chain related proteins A and B
miRNA	microRNA
MLH1	mutL homolog 1
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
MSH2	MutS homolog 2
NAFLD	nonalcoholic
NKG2D	natural killer group 2, member D
NRF2	nuclear Factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PD-1	programmed death-1
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK	phosphoinositide-dependent kinases
PEPCK-M	mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Per	period circadian regulator
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKM2	pyruvate kinase isoform 2
PRMT1	protein arginine methyltransferase 1
PUFAs	Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
PVR	poliovirus receptor
ROR1	the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1
RORγt	retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt
ROS	reactive oxygen species
S6K	ribosomal S6 kinase
SCFAs	short-chain fatty acids
SIRT-1	Sirtuin 1
SMCT-1	sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
Th	T helper
TIME	tumor immune microenvironment
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
TNFAIP1	Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 1
TRAFs	tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors
Treg	T regulatory
Trx-1	thioredoxin-1