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. 2023 Jan 25;15(5):1255–1275. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.004

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Altered gut microbiota could lead to changes in fecal metabolites, especially the concentration of glutamine. (A) Relative abundance of metabolites in the feces of the 4 groups. Samples from WT Sham (n = 4), ABX Sham (n = 4), WT IRI (n = 5), and ABX IRI (n = 5) groups were sequenced for fecal metabolomics. (B) Concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of the 4 groups. (C) PCA of the 4 groups. (D) Heatmap of comparison of concentrations of fecal amino acids and organic acids in the 4 groups. (E) Bubble chart of cluster analysis of metabolic pathways in feces. (F) Fecal concentration of glutamine in the 4 groups. (G) Fecal concentration of glutamine in 4 groups of FMT (D-WT, D-ABX, R-WT, and R-ABX). (H) Serum ALT of Con and glutamine gavage pretreatment groups for different time durations (n = 3). For all data, statistical comparisons between 2 groups were carried out by Student t test. P < .05 indicates significant differences.