Administration of oligomycin A reversed the protective effect of antibiotic pretreatment on hepatic I/R injury. (A) Relative mRNA expression of Atp5b and Atp5j in the WT, WO, ABX, and ABO groups (n = 5 per group). (B) Changes in the levels of serum nucleic acid metabolomics, including ADP/ATP and NAD+/NADH. (C) H&E staining and Suzuki’s quantitative score. (D) Immunofluorescence double labeling of M2 macrophages and semiquantitative analysis. Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Serum ALT levels in the 4 groups. (F) Relative mRNA expression of the M1 marker genes Il1β, Tnfα, Il6, Il12a, and Il12b in the 4 groups. (G) Relative mRNA expression of the M2 marker genes Arg1, Mrc1, and Ym1 in the 4 groups. For all data, statistical comparisons between 2 groups were carried out by Student t test. P < .05 indicates significant differences.