Figure 3.

Association between psychopathological scores of SCZ cases and metagenomics features. (A) Heatmap of Spearman’s correlations between scores for psychopathology and cognitive functions (SAPS, SANS, GAF, BACS) and metagenomics features (from top to bottom: MGS, genus, family, phylum, functional modules) in cases with SCZ. Only features with at least one p value under .01 are displayed. Black dots denote correlations with false discovery rate ≤ 0.1, while empty circles indicate correlation with p ≤ .05. The right-side bars indicate CD (effect size) of the feature in the SCZ/HC contrast or in the SCZ/MS contrast (red: more abundant in SCZ; blue: more abundant in HC or MS). Asterisk indicates that the feature was significantly different in the given comparison (either SCZ/HC or SCZ/MS) but was confounded; d means that the feature was still contrasted after covariate deconfounding. (B–E) Spearman’s correlations of MGSs with (B) GAF, (C) BACS, (D) SANS, and (E) SAPS according to CD between SCZ cases and HC subjects. Correlations are computed using the SCZ cases only. The coefficient from Spearman’s correlation along with its p value is displayed. Annot, annotation; BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; CD, Cliff’s Delta; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HC, healthy control; MGS, metagenomic species; MS, metabolic syndrome; Mod., modules; Ph., phylum; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SCZ, schizophrenia.