Table 1.
Interaction between M1 macrophage and NP.
| Study | Species | Experiment | Molecular change | Phenotype change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (37) | Rat | In vitro : IL-1β stimulates NPC In vivo : Acupuncture IDD model |
NPC: ADAMTS5*, MMP3/9/13*, ACAN#, COL1/2#, ROS*, NF-κB*, PI3K/Akt*, MAPK*
M1: IRE1#, COX2/5a*、CCL2*, TNFα* M2: CD206# |
NPC: Apoptosis M1: Differentiation M2: Differentiation inhibition |
| (40) | Human | In vitro : TNFα stimulates NPC Clinical sample | NPC: SLC20A1-1*, miR-146a-5p#, TRAF6*, Caspase3* M1: TNFα* | NP: Degeneration NPC: Apoptosis, growth inhibition M: Recruitment, migration |
| (49) | Human, rat | In vitro : Coculture M1 with NPC In vivo : Acupuncture IDD model Clinical sample | NPC: COL2#, ACAN# M1: TNF-α*, IL-1β*, MMP13*, NF-κB*, MAPK*, HSP70#, JAK2*, STAT3* | NPC: Inflammation, degeneration M1: Differentiation, migration |
| (63) | Human, mice | In vitro : Coculture M1 (RAW264.7) with NPC (Human) | NPC: COL2#, NO* | NPC: Cell viability inhibition, oxidative stress M1: Differentiation, inflammation |
| (64) | Human, rat | In vitro : Coculture M1 with NPC In vivo : Acupuncture IDD model | NPC: ACAN#, COL2#, MMP13*, IL-1β/6/12* | NPC: Degeneration ECM: Catabolism M1: Inflammation, differentiation |
| (48) | Human | In vitro : Coculture M1 with NPC | NPC: HMGB1*, Myd88*, NF-κB*, NLRP3*, Bax*, Caspase3/9*, MMP3/13*, ADAMTS4/5*, COL2#, ACAN# M1: IL-1β*, IL-6*, TNF-α*, IL-18*, HMGB1*, MyD88*, NF-κB*, NLRP3* | NPC: Apoptosis, cell viability inhibition, degeneration M1: Differentiation |
| (51) | Human, mice | In vitro : IL-1β stimulates NPC | NPC: LRG1#, p38MAPK# M1: LRG1#, p38 MAPK* | NPC: Apoptosis, degeneration, M1: Differentiation |
| (42) | Human, rabbit | In vitro : Coculture M1 (THP-1) with NPC (Human, rabbit) In vivo : Acupuncture IDD model | NPC: CCL2/3/5*, IL-8*, COL2/1#, MMP13* M1: CCR1*, CCR2* | NP: Degeneration M1: Inflammation |
| (65) | Rat | In vitro : Coculture M1 (RAW264.7) with NPC (rat) | NPC: Adamts4/5*, Mmp3/13*, IL-1β*, IL-6*, Ccl2/3*ERK*, JNK*, Sox9, ACAN#, Col2# | NP: Degeneration M1: Inflammation |
| (66) | Rat, mice | In vitro : Coculture M1 (RAW264.7) with NPC (rat) |
NPC: TNF-α*, IL-1β*, COX-2*, MMP-3/13*, ADAMTS-4/5*, CCL3/4/20*
M1: TNF-α*, IL-1β*, COX-2*, MM P-3/13*, ADAMTS-4/5*, CCL3/4/20* |
NP: Degeneration M1: Inflammation ECM: Catabolism |
| (67) | Rat | In vitro : Coculture M1 with NPC | NPC: TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 M1: CD68, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP, IL-6/8, PGE2, COX2, NO | M1: Inflammation |
| (61) | Human | In vitro : IL-1β stimulates NPC and coculture M1 with NPC under hypoxic conditions | NPC: IL-6#, VCAM#, TIMP-1/2#, IL-8*, VEGF*, MMP1/3* | NP: Degeneration M1: Inflammation ECM: Catabolism and angiogenesis |
| (54) | Human | In vitro : Coculture M1 with NPC | NPC: p38α/p38β MAPK*, ADAMTS4/5*, MMP13*, CCL3*, COL2#, ACAN# | M1: Inflammation and differentiate |
| (55) | Human | In vitro : Coculture M1 with NPC | NPC: Fasl*, disintegrin*, AD AM10* | NPC: Apoptosis NP: Degeneration M1: Inflammation and migration |
| (41) | Mice | In vivo : Acupuncture IDD model |
NPC: CCL2*
M1: TNF-α*, CD86*, NOS2*, YM1* M2a: YM1* |
M1: Differentiation, migration, recruitment and inflammation M2a: Differentiation and recruitment |
| (44) | Human | In vitro and in vivo | NPC: CCL4*, p38-MAPK*, NF-κB*, TLR-4* | M1: Migration |
| (68) | Mice | In vitro : LPS stimulates NPC | NPC: IL-6/10*, GM-CSF* | M1: Migration and inflammation |
*Activate or upregulate; #Downregulate or inhibit; M1, M1 macrophage; M2, M2 macrophage; M, macrophages of unspecified type; NPC, nucleus pulposus cell; NP, nucleus pulposus (nucleus pulposus cell and ECM).