. 2023 Apr 14;5:1178482. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1178482

TABLE 2.

Effects of exposure of D. magna to NMs on the activity and/or expression of antioxidant and digestive enzymes.

NMs	Dose (mg L⁻¹)	Co-exposure with	Exposure time (days)	Antioxidant enzymes		Digestive enzymes		EC₅₀/LC₅₀ (mg L⁻¹)	References
NMs	Dose (mg L⁻¹)	Co-exposure with	Exposure time (days)	With effect	No effect	With effect	No effect	EC₅₀/LC₅₀ (mg L⁻¹)	References
TiO₂	0, 1, 5, 10	-	2	↑CAT, GST, GPX	SOD	-	-	Non-toxic	Kim et al. (2010)
TiO₂ ^b	1	-	2	↑CAT	SOD	↓esterase	cellulase, trypsin, amylase	-	Fouqueray et al. (2012)
	1	-	21	-	CAT, SOD	↓trypsin, amylase, esterase	cellulase	-
	1.10^–2	-	2	-	CAT, SOD	↓amylase	cellulase, trypsin, esterase	-
	1.10^–2	-	21	-	SOD, CAT	↓amylase, esterase	cellulase, trypsin	-
C₆₀	0, 5, 20	-	1	↑SOD	-	↓trypsin, amylase, cellulase, b-galactosidase	-	-	Lv et al. (2017)
			2	↑SOD	-	-	-	-
			3	↓SOD	-	-	-	14.9 ± 1.2/16.3 ± 0.8
MPA -Au	1	-	1	↑GST	CAT	-	-	Non-toxic ^c	Qiu et al. (2015)
MPA -Au	1	-	21	↓CAT	GST	-	-	Non-toxic
PAH -Au	5.10^–3	-	1	-	GST, CAT	-	-	-
PAH -Au	5.10^–3	-	21	-	GST, CAT	-	-	Toxic
MPA -Au	5.10^–2	-	1	-	GST, CAT	-	-	Non-toxic ^c	Dominguez et al. (2015)
MPA -Au	1.10^–2	-	1	↑CAT	GST	-	-	Non-toxic ^c
PAH -Au	5.10^–2	-	1	↑GST	CAT	-	-	Toxic ^c
PAH -Au	1.10^–2	-	1	↑CAT	GST	-	-	Toxic ^c
TiO₂	2	Cu²⁺	3	↑↓CAT, SOD, ↓Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase	-	-	-	-	Fan et al. (2012)
QDs-indolicidin	1.5 ^a	-	3, 9	↓SOD, CAT, ↑GST	-	-	-	Non-toxic	Falanga et al. (2018)
QDs-indolicidin	1.5 ^a	-	15, 24	↑GST, CAT	SOD	-	-	Non-toxic	Falanga et al. (2018)
ZnO	1.10^–1	-	1, 3, 7, 14	↓SOD, GST, CAT	-	-	-	1.04 ^c /-	Chen et al. (2017)
C₆₀ ^b	0.5–2	-	21	-	-	↓amylase, trypsin, lipase	-	-	Tao et al. (2016)
TiO₂	1	Cu²⁺	2	↓SOD	Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase	-	-	-	Liu et al. (2015)
ZnO	0.8, 1.1	-	3	↓ GST	-	-	-	-	Mwaanga et al. (2014)
CuO	0.8, 1.1	-	3	↓ GST	-	--	-	-	Mwaanga et al. (2014)

^{^a}

Concentration unit: nM.

^{^b}

NMs, ingested from dietary route.

^{^c}

48 h of exposure.

↑ increase of enzyme activity/gene expression related, while ↓ implies decrease.