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. 2023 Apr 14;14:1169375. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1169375

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Copyright © 2023 Li, Zhang, Bai, Liu, He, Ito, Liu, Tan, Zhen, Zhang, Zhang and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of CGA on ileum mRNA expression of tight junction genes in broilers under HD stress. ND group, normal stocking density + basal diet; ND + CGA group, normal stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA; HD group, high stocking density + basal diet; HD + CGA group, high stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA. (A) Relative mRNA expression at day 28. (B) Relative mRNA expression at day 35. (C) Relative mRNA expression at day 42. Each vertical bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 10). Values with different letters within the same row are indicative of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test after one-way ANOVA).