. 2023 Apr 14;14:1169375. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1169375

TABLE 3.

Effects of CGA on Ileac morphology of Broilers under HD stress.

Parameter	Days	Dietary treatment ^a				SEM	p-value
Parameter	Days	ND	ND + CGA	HD	HD + CGA	SEM	p-value
VH (µm)	28	747.83^b	874.31^a	680.47^c	725.17^bc	19.09	<0.01
	35	841.75^b	942.93^a	731.68^c	804.60^b	19.42	<0.01
	42	893.57^b	986.23^a	761.88^c	881.35^b	18.09	<0.01
CD (µm)	28	73.90	70.17	84.42	80.88	2.96	0.321
	35	91.18	82.42	96.80	97.98	3.68	0.113
	42	101.38	96.03	111.88	103.17	3.01	0.202
VH/CD	28	7.48	11.50	8.00	8.38	0.59	0.551
	35	9.37^b	12.22^a	6.80^b	8.21^b	0.59	<0.01
	42	8.98^b	10.65^a	6.38^c	8.40^b	0.41	<0.01

^{^a}

ND, group, normal stocking density + basal diet; ND + CGA, group, normal stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA; HD, group, high stocking density + basal diet; HD + CGA, group, high stocking density group + basal diet+ 0.15% CGA, group. Values with different letters within the same row are indicative of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD, test after one-way ANOVA). The statistical model used does not allow for a comparison between different days’ data.