Table 4.
Results of univariate analysis, predictors of hyponatremia and hypernatremia.
| Characteristic | Hyponatremia | Hypernatremia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI 95 Upper | CI 95 Lower | p | OR | CI 95 Upper | CI 95 Lower | p | |
| Age | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.0000 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 0.0000 |
| Sex (female) | 0.86 | 0.66 | 1.14 | 0.2978 | 0.90 | 0.56 | 1.44 | 0.6510 |
| HR | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.0182 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.0894 |
| SBP | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.8926 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.0018 |
| DBP | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.5917 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.0294 |
| Consciousness | 1.49 | 1.05 | 2.10 | 0.0248 | 11.20 | 6.72 | 18.66 | 0.0000 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 1.40 | 1.06 | 1.85 | 0.0170 | 1.24 | 0.77 | 1.99 | 0.3854 |
| MI | 1.76 | 1.19 | 2.59 | 0.0043 | 1.13 | 0.53 | 2.43 | 0.7452 |
| Stroke/TIA | 1.08 | 0.67 | 1.74 | 0.7530 | 1.94 | 0.99 | 3.81 | 0.0542 |
| DM | 1.71 | 1.28 | 2.30 | 0.0003 | 1.01 | 0.58 | 1.77 | 0.9712 |
| CKD | 1.30 | 0.89 | 1.90 | 0.1714 | 0.61 | 0.26 | 1.43 | 0.2574 |
| Heart failure | 1.57 | 1.11 | 2.23 | 0.0115 | 1.37 | 0.73 | 2.55 | 0.3237 |
| Asthma/COBP | 0.88 | 0.53 | 1.46 | 0.6150 | 1.74 | 0.86 | 3.49 | 0.1222 |
| POAD | 1.63 | 0.96 | 2.77 | 0.0701 | 1.42 | 0.55 | 3.65 | 0.4721 |
| CVD | 1.58 | 1.18 | 2.12 | 0.0022 | 1.73 | 1.05 | 2.84 | 0.0313 |
| Neoplastic disorder | 1.32 | 0.87 | 2.00 | 0.1982 | 1.30 | 0.63 | 2.68 | 0.4831 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||||
| WBC | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.7957 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.0613 |
| Hb | 0.99 | 0.94 | 1.05 | 0.7718 | 1.01 | 0.91 | 1.12 | 0.9051 |
| PLT | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.9114 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.2087 |
| Creatinine | 1.12 | 1.02 | 1.23 | 0.0141 | 1.12 | 0.97 | 1.29 | 0.1215 |
| CRP | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.0003 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.0000 |
| Long-term use of drugs | ||||||||
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI | 1.64 | 1.23 | 2.18 | 0.0007 | 1.26 | 0.75 | 2.09 | 0.3821 |
| Beta-blockers | 1.41 | 1.06 | 1.87 | 0.0185 | 1.05 | 0.62 | 1.75 | 0.8629 |
| Ca blockers | 1.16 | 0.82 | 1.65 | 0.4078 | 1.34 | 0.74 | 2.41 | 0.3362 |
| MRAs | 1.27 | 0.76 | 2.13 | 0.3657 | 0.42 | 0.10 | 1.75 | 0.2353 |
| Diuretics | 1.40 | 1.01 | 1.94 | 0.0453 | 0.92 | 0.49 | 1.74 | 0.7943 |
| Statins | 1.06 | 0.76 | 1.47 | 0.7382 | 1.17 | 0.67 | 2.06 | 0.5757 |
| ASA | 1.13 | 0.78 | 1.63 | 0.5209 | 1.02 | 0.53 | 1.98 | 0.9529 |
| Anticoagulants | 1.38 | 0.98 | 1.94 | 0.0677 | 1.77 | 1.01 | 3.08 | 0.0442 |
| Steroids/immunosuppressants | 0.99 | 0.57 | 1.71 | 0.9717 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 1.63 | 0.1977 |
HR—heart rate; SBP—systolic blood pressure; DBP—diastolic blood pressure; MI—myocardial infarction; TIA—transient ischemic attack; DM—diabetes mellitus; CKD—chronic kidney disease; COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; POAD—peripheral occlusive arterial disease; CVD—cardiovascular disease; WBC—white blood cells count; Hb—hemoglobin; PLT—platelet count; CRP—C reactive protein; ACEI—angiotensin—converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB—angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI—angiotensin receptor—nephrilysin inhibitor; MRA—mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ASA—acetylsalicylic acid.